グローバル・リバーにおけるMP汚染の包括的な見直し:分布パターンと河川輸送の動態
Gaurav Hariram Rangari1, Abhijit Dilip Lade1, Aniruddha Dattatraya Ghare1
1Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.
まとめ
マイクロプラスチック (MP) は,世界中の河川の堆積物の中に広く存在しています. このレビューは,それらの源,種類,濃度を合成し,アフリカで最も高いレベルを明らかにし,主要な輸送要因を特定します.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 生態毒理学 エコトキシコロジ
- 地質化学 地質化学
背景:
- 微小プラスチック (MP) は広範囲にわたる環境汚染物質であり,河川は海洋への主要な経路として機能しています.
- 河川の沈殿物は,マイクロプラスチック廃棄物の重要なシンクであり,世界中で水生生態系に影響を与えています.
研究 の 目的:
- 川の堆積物におけるマイクロプラスチック汚染物質に関する世界的な研究を包括的に検討し,統合する.
- MPの大陸別特性を分析し,その源,形態,ポリマー型,濃度などを分析する.
- 河川システムにおけるMPの輸送と堆積過程を調査する.
主な方法:
- 川の堆積物におけるマイクロプラスチックに関する既存の研究の体系的な文献レビューと合成.
- MPの特性 (源,形状,サイズ,ポリマーの種類,濃度) に関する大陸特有のデータの統計分析.
- MP輸送ダイナミクスに関する文献のレビュー,初期運動値と堆積を含む.
主要な成果:
- MP濃度は,アフリカが最も高いレベルを示し,アジア,南米,ヨーロッパ,北米,オーストラリアが続く.
- 排水処理施設,工業排水,繊維,漁業,そして管理不適切な廃棄物は,地理的な違いがある主要なMP源です.
- 繊維と断片は一般的であり,ポリエチレン (PE),ポリプロピレン (PP),ポリシュチレン (PS),ポリエチレンテレフタレート (PET),ポリアミド (PA) が最も一般的なポリマーである.
- MPは,より低い密度と摩擦により,形状と向きによって影響を受け,自然堆積物よりも低い切断ストレスで動きを開始します.
結論:
- 河川は,微小プラスチック汚染の重要な経路であり,堆積物の中で顕著な蓄積があります.
- MPの特徴と源を理解することは,標的の緩和戦略にとって極めて重要です.
- MP輸送を正確にモデル化するためにさらなる研究が必要であり,ベッドシェアストレス,浸透,植生などの要因を考慮する必要があります.
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