両親が報告したADHDの診断と治療の傾向,米国の子供たちの間で, 2016-2023年
Samuel M Katz1,2, Angelika H Claussen1, Cinthya K Alberto3
1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
まとめ
子供のADHD診断率は2020年以降増加したが,治療率は低下し,介護の格差が広がった. これは,子供たちのために不可欠なADHD介入へのアクセスにおける格差を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 小児神経発達障害 (Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disorders) とは,小児神経発達障害 (Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disorders) とは,小児神経発達障害 (PEDD) とは,小児神経発達障害 (PEDD) とは,小児神経発達障害 (PEDD) とは,小児神経発達障害 (PEDD) とは,小児神経発達障害 (PEDD) とは
- 公共衛生の動向 公共衛生の動向
- 医療の格差 医療の格差
背景:
- 注意欠陥/多動性障害 (ADHD) は,幼児期に発生し,しばしば成人期まで持続する一般的な神経発達障害です.
- 診断率は著しい増加を示しており,人口統計学的なグループによって顕著な変動があります.
- ADHDの診断と治療における現在の傾向を理解することは,公衆衛生のイニシアチブにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2016年から2023年までの米国におけるADHDの診断と治療の傾向を分析する.
- ADHDの診断と治療の格差に影響を与える社会統計学的および臨床的要因を特定する.
- ADHDのケアに対するCOVID-19のパンデミックの影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 3歳から17歳 (2016年-2023年) までの米国の子供に関する国立児童健康調査 (NSCH) のデータを活用した.
- ロジスティック回帰とジョイントポイント回帰分析を用いて,時間経過やサブグループ間の傾向を調べました.
- 親が報告したADHDの診断と治療方法 (薬剤と行動) に焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- ADHD診断の罹患率は2019年まで安定したままで,その後2020年以降は著しく増加した (8.6%-10.5%).
- 全体として,ADHD治療率は2016年から2023年まで減少した (76.9%-70.8%),薬物治療は大幅に減少した (62.5%-53.0%).
- 診断の傾向は人種,保険,重症によって異なっており,男性の薬物使用が減り,女性の行動療法が増加したため,性別による治療の格差が縮小した.
結論:
- ADHDの診断と治療の割合の間には,ますます大きなギャップが存在しており,推奨されるケアを受ける子どもが少なくなっていることを示しています.
- 研究結果は,医療へのアクセスを改善し,ADHD治療のシステム上の障壁に対処するための介入の必要性を強調しています.
- 診断と治療の格差は,ADHDのすべての子供に公平なケアを提供するために,ターゲットに絞られた戦略を必要とします.
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