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関連する概念動画

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

8.7K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
8.7K
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
1.7K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

4.7K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
4.7K
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

10.7K
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone. 
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium,...
10.7K
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.7K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
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Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

25.4K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

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CoCuSiB ナノ結晶は,効率的な窒素からアンモニアへの電還元のために使用されます.

Tong Liu1,2, Boran Yang1, Keqi Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

新しいナノ結晶合金触媒 (Co60Cu12Si18B10) は,電解性窒素還元を促進し,効率的なアンモニア合成と排水処理を提供し,高収量と安定性を有しています.

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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

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Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 電気化学 電気化学について
  • 環境科学 環境科学

背景:

  • 電気触媒による窒素還元反応 (NO3RR) は,アンモニア合成と廃水の浄化のための有望な二重目的の技術です.
  • 現在のNO3RRの応用は,電気触媒活性と長期の安定性が不十分であることから制限されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • NO3RR.のための高度に活性で安定した電解触媒を開発する.
  • 強化された電気触媒のための新しいナノ結晶合金の構造-特性関係を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 非均衡固化によるCo60Cu12Si18B10ナノ結晶合金の製造.
  • この合金のユニークなCu-CoSiB二重ナノ結晶構造の特徴.
  • 電気触媒による窒素還元における触媒の性能の評価.

主要な成果:

  • Co60Cu12Si18B10触媒は,9.11 mg h-1 cm-2の高いNH3出力率と96.4%のファラダイク効率を示した.
  • SiおよびB元素の追加により,活性サイトの構造が精製され,電子特性が調節されました.
  • 触媒は,以前に報告されたほとんどの触媒と比較して優れた性能を示した.

結論:

  • 非金属合金ナノ結晶は,高効率の電気触媒に有効です.
  • 開発されたCo60Cu12Si18B10触媒は,持続可能なアンモニア生産と環境下水処理のための大きな可能性を示している.