日本の社会福祉施設や病院で,職業的な腰痛を引き起こす介護活動
Kazuyuki Iwakiri1, Keiichi Miki1, Takeshi Sasaki1
1National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan.
PloS one
|February 13, 2026
まとめ
日本の介護施設では,職業的な腰痛 (LBP) が増加しています. 浴場やトイレなどの日々の介護の際の移動支援が主な原因であり,施設の種類によって特定のリスクが異なります.
科学分野:
- 職業衛生は,健康に関するものです.
- エルゴノミクス エルゴノミクス
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 日本の社会福祉施設や病院で,職業的腰痛 (LBP) の発生率が上昇しています.
- LBPの原因を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 職業的なLBP事件に寄与する特定の介護活動を特定する.
- これらのLBP事件が社会福祉施設や病院で発生する文脈を分析する.
主な方法:
- 2018-2019年労働者事故報告から2,722件の職業上のLBP事件 (≥4日の欠席) の分析.
- 事故の発生,原因,介護状況に関するデータの抽出と分析.
- 移転・非移転支援活動に基づくインシデントの分類.
主要な成果:
- 移動支援 (食事,風呂,トイレ) は,LBP事件の約50%を占め,特にベッドから車椅子への移動でした.
- 非移転支援のリスクは様々である:入浴,トイレ,福祉施設での保育,横たわることへの支援,おむつ交換,病院での医療.
- ほとんどのLBP事件は,昼間シフトで単独で働くスタッフの間で発生しました.
結論:
- 移転支援は,両方の施設タイプにおける職業的LBPの重要なリスク因子です.
- リスクをもたらす特定の非移転支援活動は,社会福祉施設と病院によって異なります.
- LBPの発生率を減らすために,高リスク,施設特有の介護活動に対処するターゲットを絞った予防戦略が必要です.
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