認知ではなく人格が,慢性的なアヤワスカと大麻の使用者と非使用者を区別する
José Carlos Bouso1, Oscar Andión2, Sabela Fondevila Estévez3
1ICEERS International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Services, C/ Sepúlveda, 65, bajos 2, 08015, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Anthropology Research Center, Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, University of Rovira I Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
まとめ
アヤワスカと大麻の慢性的な使用は,通常の使用者の神経心理学的パフォーマンスを損ねなかった. 認知ではなく,人格的特徴によって,アヤワスカの消費者はより高い自己超越を示し,大麻の消費者はより高い新奇性を求めています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
背景:
- サイケデリック薬や大麻の治療用途に対する関心が高まっているため,長期的な効果を理解することが必要である.
- 以前の研究は,神経認知と人格の影響に関して,異なった結果をもたらしました.
研究 の 目的:
- 定期的なアヤワスカ使用者,大麻使用者,非使用者の神経心理学的パフォーマンスと人格特性を比較する.
- 慢性的な薬物使用に関連した潜在的持続的な認知障害と精神病学的違いを調査する.
主な方法:
- 69人のアヤワスカ使用者,56人の大麻使用者,94人の非使用者を比較した横断的な研究.
- 参加者は年齢,教育,IQで一致し,10〜30日前に薬物使用を控えた.
- 神経心理学的テストと心理学的アンケートを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- グループ間の神経心理学的パフォーマンスの有意な違いはなかった.
- 人格的特徴によって,ユーザーグループが明確に区別される:アヤワスカのユーザーは,より高い自己超越を示し,害を避ける傾向が低い;大麻のユーザーは,より高い新奇性の探求を示した.
- アヤワスカ使用者の生涯におけるより高い気分/不安障害にもかかわらず,禁酒使用者において神経認知の欠陥や現在の精神病理学が観察されていません.
結論:
- このサンプルにおける慢性的なアヤワスカと大麻の使用は,評価された領域における持続的な神経心理学的障害と関連していません.
- パーソナリティの特徴は,認知機能や精神病理学よりも慢性的なユーザーを差別する.
- 発見は臨床応用の可能性を示唆しているが,多様な集団でのさらなる調査が必要である.
関連する概念動画
01:30Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality
1.0K
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
1.0K
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
01:25Personal Identity
473
Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness,...
473
01:27Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality
1.6K
The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
1.6K
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
888
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
888
01:27Language and Cognition
820
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
820