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ペンシルベニア州におけるホスピスへのアクセスにおける地理的および社会人口学的格差
Jacob Whitman1, Dylan Nagy1, Harsheni Sudakar1
1Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
The American journal of hospice & palliative care
|February 14, 2026
まとめ
ペンシルベニア州のホスピスケアへのアクセスには,地理的,社会経済的格差が顕著です. 多くの農村や低所得地域では,十分なホスピス提供者が不足しており,脆弱な人口に対する既存の不平等を悪化させています.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
背景:
- ホスピス介護は,米国における終末期の支援において極めて重要です.
- 利用が増加したにもかかわらず,公平なアクセスは依然として懸念事項です.
- 地理的,社会経済的,組織的な要因はホスピスの利用可能性と種類に影響します.
研究 の 目的:
- ペンシルベニア州内のホスピス・プロバイダーへのアクセスにおける地理的および社会人口学的格差を調査する.
- ホスピスの利用可能性が限られているサービス不足地域を特定する.
主な方法:
- ホスピス識別 (所有権,品質) のための 2023年メディケア・メディケイドサービスセンター (CMS) のデータを活用した.
- プロバイダーのアドレスをジオコードし,60分間のドライブタイムキャッチメントを作成しました.
- ゲティス・オーダー・ギ*の統計を適用して,国勢調査の"寒い点" (アクセスが少ない) を特定し,アメリカン・コミュニティー調査からの社会統計データを分析した.
主要な成果:
- ペンシルバニア州人の17% (230万人) がホスピス・アクセス・コールドスポットに住んでいます.
- コールドスポットは,農村,低所得,教育程度が低い,高齢,公的保険有者,人種差が少ない地域で一般的です.
- これらのパターンは,高品質または非営利のホスピスに焦点を当てても持続しました.
結論:
- ホスピスへのアクセスにおける地理的格差は,既存の社会人口学的不平等を悪化させる.
- 高品質のホスピス施設の利用を,恵まれない地域社会で拡大するために,標的を絞った努力が必要である.
- 公平な終末期のケアのために,これらのアクセスギャップを解決することは不可欠です.
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