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関連する概念動画

Translation01:31

Translation

157.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

18.2K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
18.2K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.3K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.3K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

28.0K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
28.0K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
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IBDゲノミクスを臨床実践に翻訳する.

Pranjal Singh1, Mridul Mahajan1, Rohit Garg1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Digestive diseases and sciences
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PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ゲノミクスは,炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) のケアを変革しています. 遺伝検査は,希少なモノジェニック形態の診断とチオプリン治療の最適化に役立ち,パーソナライズされたIBD治療の道を開く.

キーワード:
クローン病は,クローン病である.遺伝学 遺伝学とはモノジェニックIBD薬剤遺伝学 薬剤遺伝学について潰瘍性大腸炎 (Ulcerative colitis) とは 潰瘍性大腸炎 (Ulcerative colitis) とは 潰瘍性大腸炎 (Ulcerative colitis) とは 大腸炎 (Ulcerative colitis) とは

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科学分野:

  • 遺伝学とゲノミクス
  • 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは

背景:

  • ゲノムの進歩は,炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) のメカニズムに関する新しい洞察を提供します.
  • 大人のIBDは多遺伝子性ですが,単遺伝子型と薬剤遺伝学では遺伝学が鍵となります.
  • 遺伝的貢献を理解することは,IBD管理の進化に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 臨床医のためのIBDにおけるゲノミクスの役割をレビューする.
  • IBDにおける遺伝子検査のための臨床シナリオを特定する.
  • IBDの診断と治療におけるゲノムの影響を強調する.

主な方法:

  • ネラティブ・リテラチュア・レビュー.
  • モノジェニックIBDの原因と診断にフォーカスする.
  • 治療効果と薬剤遺伝学の検討.

主要な成果:

  • 320以上のIBD感受性の位置が特定され,免疫経路が関与しています.
  • 早期発症/耐性IBDにおける次世代配列解析で発見された稀有で高浸透性突然変異.
  • 薬剤遺伝検査 (NUDT15,TPMT) は,チオプリンの安全性を最適化しています.

結論:

  • ゲノミクスはIBDの臨床管理を再構成しています.
  • 遺伝子検査は,特定のIBD症例の個別化された治療をサポートします.
  • ゲノム統合は,改善されたIBD結果とパーソナライズされた医療を約束します.