多発性硬化症における伝統的な飲み込み療法と神経筋肉の電気刺激の有効性:ランダム化制御試験
Maria Grazia Grasso1, Giampaolo Brichetto2, Marco Rovaris3
1Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306 Rome, Italy.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
|February 14, 2026
まとめ
神経筋電動刺激 (NMES) と飲み込み療法の組み合わせは,多発性硬化症 (pwMS) の患者,特に重度の障害を持つ人々の飲み込み困難に対する安全で効果的な治療法です.
科学分野:
- 神経学 神経学とは
- リハビリテーション医学 リハビリテーション医学
- 飲み込み障害 飲み込み障害
背景:
- ディスファギーは,多発性硬化症 (pwMS) の患者にとって頻繁かつ深刻な問題です.
- pwMSにおける食不全に対する現在の補償戦略は,飲み込み機能を完全に回復しません.
- 神経筋電動刺激 (NMES) は,失調症の可能性を示しているが,pwMSの確固たる証拠がない.
研究 の 目的:
- pwMSにおける難食症に対する標準的な飲み込み療法と組み合わせたNMESの可行性と有効性を評価する.
- NMESプラスセラピーと偽刺激プラスセラピーを比較するために.
主な方法:
- ダブルブラインド,ランダム化,プラセボ対照試験で,101人の失調性PWMSを対象とした.
- 参加者は,NMESと従来の飲み込み運動 (TST-NMES) または偽刺激と同じ治療 (TST-S) を受けました.
- 結果はASHAスコアを使用して測定され,疾患の重症度はEDSSによって評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 両グループとも,時間の経過とともに,食欲不全の改善を示した.
- TST-NMES群の重度の障害のある患者 (EDSS ≥7) は,ASHAスコアで有意に改善が示されました.
- ベースラインのASHAスコアは結果を予測したが,EDSSは対照群のみに影響を与えた. 副作用は報告されていません.
結論:
- 標準的な飲み込み療法と組み合わせたNMESは,pwMSにおける失禁症に対する実現可能で効果的な介入です.
- この効果は,より重度の障害を持つ個人に特に顕著です.
- これらの発見を確認するために,さらなる大規模なランダム化試験が必要である.
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