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関連する概念動画

Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
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焦点上肢ディストニアの脳の構造分析

Danilo Donizete de Faria1,2,3,4, Artur José Marques Paulo5, Joselisa Péres Queiroz de Paiva5

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo, 650, São Paulo, SP, 04039-002, Brazil. ddf.danilofaria@gmail.com.

Scientific reports
|February 14, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,MRIと拡散テンサー画像 (DTI) を使用した上肢ディストニアの個体において,有意な灰色または白質の変化は認められなかった. これらの発見は,コントロールと比較して,焦点ディストニアの患者で脳の構造が保存されていることを示唆しています.

キーワード:
DTIは,DTIという名前です.ディストニア (Dystonia) とは焦点性ディストニア 焦点性ディストニア構造MRIによる構造MRIT1 イメージング上肢ディストニア (上肢ディストニア)

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科学分野:

  • 神経画像は,神経イメージングによるものです.
  • 神経学 神経学とは
  • 放射線学 放射線学

背景:

  • 焦点ディストニアにおける脳の構造的変化に関する不一致な発見が存在する.
  • 方法論的な限界とサンプル異質性は,以前の研究の不一致に寄与する可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 先進的なMRI技術を使用して上肢ディストニアの灰白質の変化を調査する.
  • 焦点上肢ディストニアの患者と健康な対照群の脳の構造を比較する.

主な方法:

  • T1加重画像と拡散テンサー画像 (DTI) を含む3TMRIを使用しました.
  • FreeSurferで皮質の形状 (厚さ,体積,面積) を分析した.
  • DTIメトリクス,経路ベースの空間統計,基礎ガンジア,タラマス,小脳を含む関心領域 (ROI) 分析を使用して白質の整合性を評価しました.

主要な成果:

  • ディストニアの患者と対照群の間で,皮質の形態学における有意な差異は見つかりませんでした.
  • トラクトとROIベースの分析は,DTIの指標に重大な変化がないことを明らかにしました.
  • 灰白質の微細構造的整合性は,焦点上肢ディストニアで保存されているように見えた.

結論:

  • 焦点上肢ディストニアは,現在のMRI方法では検出可能な灰色または白質の微細構造的異常を含まない場合があります.
  • 重要な発見の欠如は,神経調節とネットワークベースの治療法の可能性を示唆しています.
  • 焦点ディストニアの解剖学的基質をさらに探求するために,より大規模でマルチモダルの研究が推奨されます.