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関連する概念動画

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.7K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.5K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.5K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

531
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
531
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

1.0K
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
1.0K
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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動機付け状態は,視覚的知覚学習におけるエラー感受性学習モードを決定する.

Dongho Kim1,2,3, Zhiyan Wang1,4, Masamichi Sakagami5

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, 190 Thayer Street Providence RI 02912, United States.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|February 15, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

断食は,視覚的知覚学習 (VPL) 中のエラー処理を強化し,全体的な学習を変えることなく,エラー後の精度を改善します. 飽き飽きは,学習をエグゼクティブ・コントロールにシフトさせ,モチベーションが学習戦略にどのように影響するかを示しています.

キーワード:
エラーモニタリング エラーモニタリング機能的なMRIによる.モチベーション状態は,モチベーション状態です.報酬予測 エラー 報酬予測 エラー視覚的知覚学習 視覚的知覚学習

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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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関連する実験動画

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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
  • 心理学 心理学とは

背景:

  • 結果からの学習には,異なる計算プロセスが含まれます.
  • 視覚的知覚学習 (VPL) に対する内部的動機状態の影響は十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 断食と飽和がVPL中のフィードバック処理をどのように調節するかを調査する.
  • 動機付け状態依存学習の基礎となる神経機構を検証する.

主な方法:

  • 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,方向性差別タスクを実行する参加者を研究するために使用されました.
  • 参加者は,同じ報酬の予期せざる事態を伴って,空腹状態または満腹状態でテストされました.

主要な成果:

  • 断食グループと断食グループの両方で,有意なVPLが示されました.
  • 断食した参加者は,エラー後の精度が向上し,エラーに対する感受性が高まったことを示しました.
  • 神経分析は,脳活動における状態依存の変化を明らかにし,断食は腹筋に,飽き飽きは背側前頭皮質に影響を及ぼした.

結論:

  • 動機付け状態は,その出現よりも,VPLの表現に大きな影響を与えます.
  • 断食は,エラーに敏感な学習モードを促進し,飽き飽きは制御主導の最適化を好む.
  • これらの発見は,学習と成果のモニタリングの形成における内部状態の役割を強調しています.