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関連する概念動画

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

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A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
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溶液-摩擦分析的近似は,低塩分-拒絶逆オスマシスの堅牢なモデルフレームワークとして

Rayan Alghanayem1,2, Weifan Liu3, Rui Chen3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States.

Environmental science & technology letters
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

新しいモデルは,低塩排斥逆オスモス膜 (LSRRO) での塩の輸送を正確に予測しています. この物理的に接地された溶液摩擦分析近似法 (SF-AA) は,高い塩分度で動作し,塩水濃度の予測を改善します.

キーワード:
塩漬け管理についてです.低塩排斥逆オスマースによる低塩排斥膜膜は,膜膜で覆われている.輸送モデル 輸送モデル 輸送モデル

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科学分野:

  • 膜科学と工学 膜科学と工学とは
  • 化学工学は化学工学というものです.
  • 浄水技術 浄水技術について

背景:

  • 低塩分拒絶逆透 (LSRRO) の予測モデリングは,塩分に依存するパラメータを必要とする経験的フレームワークによって制限されています.
  • 正確なモデリングは,効率的なハイパーサリン塩水濃度のために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 溶液-摩擦分析近似法 (SF-AA) を,LSRRO膜のシンプルで閉じた形,物理的に接地されたモデルとして適応し,検証する.
  • 実験データを用いて,広い塩分範囲でSF-AAの性能を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 3.64MまでのNaCl溶液による低塩分排斥の3つの膜の実験調査.
  • 水流量,塩の排斥,塩分に依存する塩の浸透性を測定する.
  • 内膜パラメータを用いたSF-AAモデルの適応と検証.

主要な成果:

  • SF-AAモデルは,塩の輸送による飼料濃度と浸透フルースの依存性を正確に捉えています.
  • SF-AAモデルは,LSRROの従来のモデルを大幅に上回ります.
  • このモデルは,正確な予測をするために,三つの内在膜パラメータのみを必要とします.

結論:

  • SF-AAは,LSRROの堅牢で一般化可能なモデルとして確立されています.
  • この物理的に接地されたモデルは,高塩分条件下での漏れ性膜の予測能力を高めます.
  • SF-AAは,膜プロセスをモデリングするための簡素化され,効果的なアプローチを提供します.