メディケイド継続的保険期間中の産後保険の人種的不平等:ACA拡大対非拡大州からの証拠
Teresa Janevic1, Heeun Kim2, Annabelle Ng3
1Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
American journal of preventive medicine
|February 16, 2026
まとめ
妊娠メディケイドの適用期間を延長することで,拡大しない州で黒人女性の産後不保険が減った. しかし,継続的な保険政策にもかかわらず,保険の範囲における人種的不平等は続いた.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- 保健政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- 妊娠メディケイドの適用期間を産後12ヶ月まで延長することは,母親の罹病率と死亡率を減らすための重要な戦略です.
- この政策は,安価なケア法 (ACA) によりメディケイドを拡大しなかった州で特に影響を与える可能性があります.
- COVID-19 パンデミックの継続的なメディケイド保険の提供は,出産後のメディケイド延長の影響を研究するユニークな機会を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 継続的なメディケイドの適用が産後保険料に与える影響を評価する.
- メディケイドの拡大と拡大していない州の非ヒスパニック系黒人と白人女性の産後保険の変化を比較するために.
- 産後不保険における人種差異に対する継続的な保険の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2016-2023年アメリカン・コミュニティ・サーベイ (ACS) のデータを分析した横断的なプレ・ポスト・デザインを使用しました.
- 過去12ヶ月間に出産した19~50歳の非ヒスパニック系黒人・白人女性を含む (n=157,016).
- 拡張と非拡張状態の連続前および連続後のカバー (2019年基準年) を比較する線形回帰モデルを使用し,共変数に調整した.
主要な成果:
- パンデミック前,黒人女性の無保険率は,拡大しない州では16.5%,拡大する州では6.4%であった.
- 継続的な保全を踏まえると,黒人女性の産後不保険は,拡大国よりも非拡大国において著しく減少した.
- 白人の女性も非拡大州 (民間保険の利益によって引き起こされる) で無保険の減少が見られたが,産後無保険における黒人-白人の格差は変わらなかった.
結論:
- 継続的なメディケイドの適用は,非拡大州における黒人女性の産後不保険率の減少につながった.
- 減額にもかかわらず,産後保険のカバーにおける人種的不平等は継続的に観察されました.
- この調査結果は,メディケイドの政策,継続的な医療保障,母親の健康へのアクセスにおける人種的格差の複雑な相互作用を強調しています.
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