狩猟と野外でのレクリエーションは,人間が支配する風景の中で,自然の捕食者よりも大きな草食動物活動パターンに影響します
Martín Boer-Cueva1,2, Giulia Bombieri3, Emma Centomo3
1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid Spain.
Ecology and evolution
|February 17, 2026
まとめ
狩猟やレクリエーションを含む人間の活動は,ヨーロッパのアルプス山脈における狼の存在よりも,赤い鹿の行動を大幅に変化させます. この人間の支配は,共有された風景における捕食者-獲物のダイナミクスを再構築する.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 野生生物保護 野生生物保護
- 行動生態学 行動生態学
背景:
- 大規模な肉食動物と草食動物の人口はヨーロッパ全土で回復しており,共通の景観で人間と野生動物の共存が増加しています.
- 人間が支配する環境における捕食者-獲物のダイナミクスを理解することは極めて重要ですが,原始地帯よりも研究が少ないです.
研究 の 目的:
- オオカミの存在,狩猟,およびレクリエーション活動が赤鹿の時空活動に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- レクリエーション活動と赤鹿の存在が,オオカミの活動パターンにどのように影響するかを分析する.
主な方法:
- 東アルプス山脈の5つの秋の狩猟シーズンにわたって,系統的なカメラトラッピングが行われました.
- 狩猟地域と非狩猟地域を比較した準実験的設計.
- アクティビティパターンを分析するための汎用添加混合モデル (GAMMs).
主要な成果:
- 狩猟は赤い鹿の活動と昼間のパターンを大幅に低下させ,レクリエーションと相互作用してこれらの効果を拡大しました.
- オオカミの存在は,赤鹿の時間活動曲線を大幅に変化させなかった.
- オオカミは夜行性であり,人間の活動レベルに関係なく,赤い鹿が多く利用されている地域ではより活発でした.
結論:
- 人間の活動 (致死的および非致死的) は,これらの景観における狼よりも,赤い鹿の行動に強い影響を及ぼします.
- 人間の干渉は,自然の捕食者-獲物のダイナミクスを覆い,人類が支配する生態系における捕食者-獲物の共存を潜在的に増加させる可能性があります.
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