介護専門職における職業性遺伝子毒性:体系的なレビュー
Thiago Guedes Pinto1, Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar1, Lorrany da Silva Avanci1
1Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
まとめ
介護職員は,危険な化学物質に職業上の被曝に直面し,遺伝子毒性効果につながります. このレビューは,看護師の長期的な遺伝的損傷を防ぐために,監視と保護措置の改善の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 職業衛生は,健康に関するものです.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景:
- 介護職員は,医療施設で消毒剤,麻酔ガス,細胞毒薬などの有害化学物質に日常的に曝されています.
- この暴露は,潜在的な遺伝子毒性効果と長期的な健康リスクに関する重大な懸念を引き起こします.
研究 の 目的:
- 介護職員が一般的に遭遇する職業的曝露に関連する遺伝子毒性を体系的に検討し,調査する.
- 職場の化学物質に曝された看護専門職のDNA損傷バイオマーカーに関する証拠を合成する.
主な方法:
- 2025年8月,主要なデータベース (PubMed,SCOPUS,Web of Science) で体系的な文献検索が行われました.
- 含まれている研究 (n=16) は,微核アッセイ,彗星アッセイ,ヒトまたは哺乳類の細胞における染色体偏差検査などのバイオマーカーを使用してDNA損傷を評価した.
主要な成果:
- すべての16の研究は,看護スタッフの職業的曝露に関連した遺伝子毒性効果を一貫して報告しました.
- 観察された効果には,マイクロ核の頻度増加,DNA鎖の断裂,および染色体変異が含まれています.
- 品質評価の結果,16件のうち15件が中等度から高い方法論的厳格性を有していたことが明らかになった.
結論:
- この発見は,職業上の化学薬品への曝露による看護専門職に対する有意な遺伝子毒性リスクを確認しています.
- 強化されたモニタリングと保護戦略は,この集団における長期的な遺伝的損傷を軽減するために不可欠です.
- マイクロ核検査は,看護専門職のバイオモニタリングに適したバイオマーカーとして特定されています.
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