シェルノブイリ燃料の"熱い"粒子の構造と同位体特異性
Tatiana Poliakova1, Irina Vlasova1, Andrey Shiryaev2
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Journal of environmental radioactivity
|February 17, 2026
まとめ
チェルノブイリでの燃料粒子は,土壌で35年老いていて,驚くべき構造的整合性を示し,U(IV) 酸化状態を保持しています. このチェルノブイリ熱粒子の研究は,環境破壊に対する耐性を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 核化学 核化学は,核化学である.
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学とは
背景:
- 1986年のチェルノブイリ事故の燃料粒子は35年後に回収されました.
- この粒子は,チェルノブイリ原子力発電所 (NPP) から北に14.5km離れた泥沼土で発見された.
研究 の 目的:
- チェルノブイリでの燃料粒子の構造的完全性と化学的状態を長期にわたる環境被曝後に分析する.
- 燃料の燃焼量と粒子の同位体組成を決定する.
主な方法:
- 内部特性の観測のための焦点イオンビーム (FIB) 解剖.
- 形態学的分析のためのスキャニング電子顕微鏡 (SEM).
- 酸化状態の決定のためのX線吸収光譜 (XAS)
- 同位体比分析のための飛行時間二次離子質量スペクトロメトリー (TOF-SIMS).
主要な成果:
- SEMは,外部と内部の毛穴の間の明確な違いを明らかにし,環境の悪化を示しました.
- XASは,ウラン (U) がU(IV) 酸化状態にとどまっていることを確認した.
- TOF-SIMSはUの同位体比を決定し,15.2MWd/kgの燃焼量を得ました.
- 測定されたUとPuの同位体比は,チェルノブイリ関連RBMK燃料に関する文献データと一致しています.
結論:
- チェルノブイリの燃料粒子は,35年以上にわたって劣化に対する有意な耐性を示しました.
- 粒子は,構造的整合性とU (IV) 酸化状態をほとんど維持した.
- 環境条件は粒子の表面形態に影響を及ぼしたが,核の化学的状態は影響しなかった.
さらに関連する動画
09:18Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Published on: December 14, 2017
11.1K
07:58Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure
Published on: January 18, 2021
6.6K
関連する概念動画
Nuclear Stability
23.5K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.5K
Nuclear Power
9.6K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
9.6K
Nuclear Transmutation
20.8K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
20.8K
Nuclear Fission
12.6K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
12.6K
Isotopes and Radioisotopes
13.2K
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
An isotope containing...
13.2K
Isotopes
65.2K
Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
65.2K
