WASH介入のプロセス評価の実施:低所得国および中所得国の設計アプローチと指標のスコーピングレビュー
Jedidiah S Snyder1, Erika Canda1, Lilly A O'Brien1
1Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Implementation science communications
|February 18, 2026
まとめ
水,衛生,衛生 (WASH) の介入におけるプロセス評価は増加しています. このレビューは,低所得国および中所得国 (LMICs) の実施科学を改善するための方法,指標,フレームワークを統合しています.
科学分野:
- 実施科学を実装する.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 水,衛生,衛生 (WASH) について
背景:
- プロセスの評価は,現実世界の環境における介入の実施と適応を理解するために不可欠です.
- WASHセクター,特に低・中所得国 (LMICs) でのその適用には,さらなる文書化と標準化が必要である.
- このレビューは,LMICにおけるWASH介入における既存のプロセス評価方法を統合することを目的としています.
研究 の 目的:
- LMICにおけるWASH介入で使用されたプロセス評価方法を体系的にレビューし,統合する.
- 共通のフレームワーク,方法論,データタイプ,および使用されるプロセス指標を特定する.
- WASHセクターにおいて,より体系的で,フレームワークに準拠し,実行可能な実施に焦点を当てた評価のための基盤を提供すること.
主な方法:
- 五つの電子データベースを介して体系的な文献検索とグレーの文献のアウトリーチ.
- 2008年1月以降のLMICにおけるWASH介入のプロセス評価または忠誠度評価に関するピアレビューおよびグレーの文献の含有.
- 6つの標準ドメインで,研究の特徴,フレームワークの使用,方法,データタイプ,プロセス指標に関するデータ抽出.
主要な成果:
- 様々なWASH介入に関する24件の研究が含まれており,そのうち16件は概念的または理論的枠組みを使用しています.
- ほとんどの研究 (63%) は混合方法 (定量および質的) を採用し,他の研究では定量 (29%) または質的 (8%) のアプローチのみを使用した.
- 6つの領域で33の定量指標と16の質的プロセス指標が特定されました:忠誠度,投与量,投与量 (曝露/満足度),到達度,および採用.
結論:
- プロセス評価は,WASHの介入を強化するためにますます重要になっていますが,定義,測定,報告の不一致は依然として存在しています.
- 標準化された報告と意図的なフレームワークの適用は,実施評価の明確性と比較性を高めることができます.
- このレビューは,WASHにおけるより透明で,標準化され,フレームワークに基づくプロセス評価をサポートするための,指標とデータタイプの統合された枠組みを提供します.
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