リスクの高い精神状態から精神病への移行を予測するバイオマーカー:体系的なレビュー
Valerio Ricci1, Giovanni Martinotti2, Alessio Mosca2
1University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|February 18, 2026
まとめ
臨床的に高いリスクのある個体における精神病の移行を予測することは,依然として困難です. 現在のバイオマーカーは有望だが,臨床検証が欠けているため,多様な集団でのさらなる研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- バイオマーカーの研究
背景:
- 臨床的に高いリスク (CHR) の個体における精神病の移行のための予測バイオマーカーを特定することは,早期介入にとって極めて重要です.
- ほとんどのCHR患者は精神病を発症しないため,より優れた予後ツールの必要性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- CHR集団における精神病の発症を予測するための神経生物学,神経イメージング,遺伝,および外周バイオマーカーを体系的にレビューする.
- 精神病の予測のためのバイオマーカー研究の現状を評価する.
主な方法:
- PRISMAのガイドラインに従って5つのデータベースで体系的な文献検索が行われました.
- 約15,500人のCHR個人を含む46の縦断研究が含まれており,異質性のために物語的に合成されました.
- 試験の質は,ニューカッスル・オタワスケールとPROBASTを用いて評価された.
主要な成果:
- 神経生理学的測定 (不一致の負性,P300) は,中程度の効果サイズで一貫した複製を示しました.
- 構造神経イメージングは,前頭前帯状と前頭帯状の体積の減少を予測として示した.
- ポリジェニックリスクスコアは,ヨーロッパ以外のサンプルでは限られた有用性を持っていた; 多様性モデルは,開発において高い精度を示したが,外部検証は欠けていた.
結論:
- 現在,精神病の予測のための臨床実施基準を満たす単一のバイオマーカーはありません.
- 方法論的な限界には,サンプルサイズが小さいこと,検証の欠如,人口バイアスなどがあります.
- バイオマーカーは,研究や病理生理学的理解には価値がありますが,通常の臨床実践にはまだありません.
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