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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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バクテリア性便秘: 粘液を分解する腸内共生細菌が便秘を引き起こす

Tomonari Hamaguchi¹, Noriaki Gibo^1,2,3, Misuzu Ohara^1,4

¹Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

|February 19, 2026

まとめ

2つの腸内細菌,Akkermansia muciniphilaとBacteroides thetaiotaomicronは,糞便の粘膜を劣化することによって便秘を引き起こすために協力しています. 硫酸塩酵素の活性をターゲットにすることで,この一般的な胃腸疾患を治療することができます.

科学分野:

胃腸内科胃腸内科
微生物学微生物学とは
マイクロバイオーム研究

背景:

便秘は,微生物の貢献が十分に理解されていない一般的な胃腸疾患です.
特定の腸内共生菌であるAkkermansia muciniphilaとBacteroides thetaiotaomicronは,便秘の病原性に関与している.

研究の目的:

便秘におけるA. muciniphilaとB. thetaiotaomicronのメカニズム的役割を明らかにする.
便秘を誘発するこれらのバクテリアの間の協力的な相互作用を調査する.
細菌性便秘の潜在的な治療標的を特定する.

主な方法:

便秘患者 (パーキンソン病および慢性イディオパシー便秘) と健康な対照群における腸内微生物群の比較分析.
単一または組み合わせた細菌株でコロニー化されたグノトビオティックマウスモデル.
アナーロビックスルファターゼ成熟酵素 (anSME) 欠乏症のB.thetaiotaomicron変異体の生成.
糞便のムシンの組成と遺伝子発現の分析.

主要な成果:

A. muciniphilaとB. thetaiotaomicronは,便秘の患者で増加した量で発見されました.
gnotobioticマウスの両細菌との共同コロニゼーションは便秘を誘発したが,単一のコロニゼーションはそうしなかった.
AnSME欠乏のB.thetaiotaomicron菌株は,共植民されたマウスの便秘を緩和し,ムシン硫酸塩の代謝の役割を示した.
排泄物のムシンの細菌による分解は潤滑を低下させ,排泄物の脱水につながります.

結論:

A. muciniphilaとB. thetaiotaomicronは協力してムシンの分解によって便秘を誘発する.
バクテリア性便秘は,硫酸塩酵素とグリコシラーゼの活動が結腸内粘膜に作用するシネギスティックな作用を伴う.
微生物のスルファターゼ活性をターゲットにすることは,細菌性便秘に対する有望な治療戦略です.

キーワード:

アッカーマンシアムシニニフィラ (Akkermansia muciniphila) とはバクテリア性便秘バクテロイドス・テテオタオミクロンパーキンソン病パーキンソン病慢性イディオパシー性便秘グノトビオティックマウスミューシン分解ミューシン分解サルファタゼ (sulfatase) とは

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