スモールサイドゲーム中の心血管負荷変動の決定要因:ゲーム形式,バウトの強度,ヨヨの断続的な回復パフォーマンスの影響
Aleksandra Kisilewicz1, Małgorzata Smoter2, Robert Trybulski3,4
1Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
Journal of sports science & medicine
|February 19, 2026
まとめ
サッカー選手の小サイドゲーム (SSG) の間におけるより高い平均心拍の強度は,より低い心血管負荷の変動性と関連しています. ゲーム形式とエアロビックフィットネスは,この変動性を有意に予測しませんでした.
科学分野:
- スポーツ科学 スポーツ科学
- 運動生理学 運動生理学
- サッカーのパフォーマンス分析
背景:
- 青少年サッカーにおける心血管負荷の変動を理解することは,トレーニングの最適化に不可欠です.
- スモールサイドゲーム (SSG) は一般的なトレーニングツールですが,プレイヤーの心血管反応の変動性への影響については,さらなる調査が必要です.
- 以前の研究では,青少年アスリートのSSG中に心血管負荷の変動の主な要因を明確に確立できませんでした.
研究 の 目的:
- SSGでの心血管負荷変動とゲーム形式 (3v3対5v5),間欠の有酸素能力,および平均心拍の強度との関連を調べる.
- どの要因 - 試合形式,エアロビックフィットネス,または平均心拍の強度 - が,19歳未満の男性サッカー選手の選手内心血管負荷の変動を最も強く予測するかを決定するために.
主な方法:
- 60人の19歳未満の男性サッカー選手に対して,ランダム化され,対バランスのとれたクロスオーバーデザインが採用されました.
- プレーヤーは3対3と5対5のSSGに参加し,フォーマットごとに4回の3分間の試合で継続的な心拍数 (HR) 監視を行いました.
- 心血管の変動は,発作レベルの平均HRの変数係数 (CV%) を用いて定量化され,断続的な有酸素能力はYo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) を用いて評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 平均HR強度は3v3 (180.9 ± 2.8 bpm) で5v5 (173.6 ± 3.6 bpm) に比べて有意に高かった (p < 0.001).
- プレイヤー間の変動率 (CV%) は,3v3 (1.97 ± 0.81%) よりも5v5 (2.61 ± 1.21%) で高かった.
- 線形混合効果モデリングでは,心血管の変動を有意に予測したのは平均HR強度のみ (p = 0.019) であり,より高い強度はより低い変動と関連していることが明らかになりました. SSGフォーマットとYo-Yo IR1のパフォーマンスは有意な予測要因ではなかった.
結論:
- SSG中の平均心拍の強度は,青少年男性サッカー選手における選手内心血管負荷変動の有意な予測因子である.
- トレーニング中に心拍の平均強度の上昇は,試合対試合の心拍の変動率の低下と関連しています.
- 平均的なHR強度は重要な要因であるが,心血管負荷の変動性のかなりの部分は説明されていないままであり,他の測定されていない変数がトレーニング応答に影響することを示唆している.
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