麻酔と外科手術に関連する認知症リスクの評価:包括的なシステマティック・レビューとメタ解析
Abdulmonem A Alsalhi1, Fahad H Almazyad2, Abdulaziz Z Alharbi3
1Department of Anesthesiology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi journal of anaesthesia
|February 19, 2026
まとめ
このメタアナリシスでは,全身麻酔とアルツハイマー病 (AD) のリスクとの間に有意な関連性が見つかりませんでした. しかし,他の健康状態や特定の手術は,高齢者の認知症のリスクの増加と関連していた.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 神経学 神経学とは
- アネステシオロジー アネステシオロジー
背景:
- 世界的な平均寿命は増加しており,手術を受ける高齢者の数が増加しています.
- 認知症,特にアルツハイマー病 (AD) は,公衆衛生上の懸念が高まっています.
- 老化している手術患者集団における術後の結果については,慎重に検討する必要があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 麻酔曝露とADを含む認知症のリスクとの関連を調査する.
- 手術を受ける高齢者の認知症リスクに関する観察研究を体系的にレビューする.
- 麻酔後の認知機能低下に影響を与える要因に関する証拠を合成する.
主な方法:
- PRISMA 2020のガイドラインに従って,5つのデータベース (2014-2022) の体系的な文献検索.
- 麻酔による手術を受けた60歳以上の成人を対象とした観察研究を含めた.
- 2人の独立したレビュー者によるデータ抽出と品質評価 (ニューカッスル・オタワスケール);ランダム効果モデルを用いたメタ分析.
主要な成果:
- 高血圧,高脂血症,冠動脈疾患,うつ病,頭部損傷は認知症と有意に関連していた.
- 腎臓-尿路-膀の手術は,実質的にリスクが増加したことを示しました (OR 2.52).
- 観察された異質性と出版バイアスにもかかわらず,全身麻酔とADリスクの間には統計的に有意な関連性が見つかりませんでした.
結論:
- 一般麻酔はADと有意な関連性を示さなかったが,他の併発症や特定の外科的処置には注意が必要である.
- 重要な異質性と潜在的なバイアスは,現在の発見の慎重な解釈を必要とします.
- 将来の研究は,認知機能低下における麻酔の役割を明確にするために,標準化された方法を用いた大規模な見通し研究に焦点を当てるべきである.
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