ASA IIIおよびIVの体調の小児患者の脊髄麻酔: 遡及的レビュー
Nahida Akhter1, Edison E Villalobos1, Sibelle Aurelie Yemele Kitio1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Connecticut.
Saudi journal of anaesthesia
|February 19, 2026
まとめ
脊髄麻酔 (SA) は,高リスクの小児患者 (ASA III/IV) のための全身麻酔 (GA) の安全で効果的な代替手段です. この研究では,この脆弱な集団において,SAの成功率が高く,合併症が最小限にあることが示されました.
科学分野:
- アネステシオロジー アネステシオロジー
- 小児外科手術について
- クリティカルケア・メディシン
背景:
- 一般麻酔 (GA) は,特に重大な併発性疾患を有する患者の場合,リスクを伴う.
- 脊髄麻酔 (SA) は,これらのリスクを軽減するための潜在的な代替案です.
- アメリカ麻酔学会 (ASA) の身体状態IIIおよびIVとして分類された高リスク患者には,注意深い麻酔の考慮が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 脊髄麻酔 (SA) の使用を,ASAの身体状態IIIおよびIVに分類された小児患者で遡及的に検討する.
- この高リスクコホートにおけるGAの代替としてSAの安全性と有効性を評価する.
- この集団におけるSAに関連した手術中の有害事象とアウトカムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 2016年から2023年の間にSAを受けた小児患者 (ASA III/IV) の遡及的チャートレビュー.
- 収集されたデータには,患者の人口統計,麻酔の詳細,手術手順,および有害事象が含まれていました.
- 分析は,SAの成功率,合併症,GAへの転換の理由に焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- 脊髄麻酔 (SA) は,評価された61人の小児患者の88%で成功しました (ASA III/IV).
- 共通の併発症には,心臓,呼吸器,遺伝,腎臓疾患が含まれていた.
- 最も頻繁に発生した手術中の有害事象は,血管活性剤なしで管理された一時的な低血圧 (25%) であり,9.8%がEDに戻ったが,麻酔による原因はなかった.
結論:
- 脊髄麻酔 (SA) は,ASAの身体状態III/IVを有する小児患者の全身麻酔 (GA) の安全で効果的な代替手段です.
- 術内合併症の発生率が低いことは,高リスクの手術候補者におけるSAの安全性を支持しています.
- SAは,複雑な小児病例で成功裏に採用され,有効な麻酔の選択肢を提供することができます.
関連する概念動画
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
805
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
805
Stages of General Anesthesia
1.8K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.8K
General Anesthesia: Overview
756
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
756
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
785
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
785

