調節性T細胞は,腸内膠質細胞の微分調節性共刺激分子を差異的に調節することによって,腸内微生物群によって誘発されます
Jiahui Yang1,2, Qishan Zeng2, Min Zou2
1Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology
|February 19, 2026
まとめ
益生菌Bifidobacterium longum (B.l) は,腸内膠質細胞 (EGC) を活性化して,調節性T細胞 (Treg) を促進することによって,腸内炎症を軽減します. これはEGCを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
背景:
- プロバイオティクスは炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) の治療に有効性を示しているが,そのメカニズムは不明である.
- 腸内微生物群と腸内膠細胞 (EGC) の相互作用が注目されています.
- Bifidobacterium longum (B.l) のEGCによる抗炎症効果を調査する.
研究 の 目的:
- Bifidobacterium longum (B.l) が腸内膠質細胞 (EGC) に作用することで抗炎症効果を発揮するかどうかを調査する.
- 実験的な大腸炎において,B.lがEGCおよびその後の免疫反応に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- EGCファゴサイトーシス,抗原表現,および差異的共刺激分子発現が実証されています.
- デクストラン硫酸ナトリウム (DSS) 誘発性大腸炎の実験モデルを使用した.
- 分析されたp38 MAPKシグナル伝達,PD-L1発現,CD4+T細胞のTレグ細胞への変換,およびサイトカインの産生 (IL-10,TNF-α,IL-1β).
主要な成果:
- B.IはEGCプログラム死亡リガンド1 (PD-L1) の発現を著しくアップレギュレーションした.
- B.lは,p38 MAPKを活性化させ,EGCでPD-L1を上調させ,PD-L1/PD-1経路経由でCD4+ T細胞をT (Treg) 細胞に変換させることで,DSS誘発性大腸炎を改善した.
- EGCアブレーションは,実験的な大腸炎におけるB.lの治療効果を著しく低下させた.
結論:
- B.lはEGCに作用することでTreg細胞の変換を誘導し,それによって腸の炎症を緩和します.
- EGCは免疫細胞として機能し,細菌との相互作用に基づいて免疫反応を調節する.
- 発見は,IBD治療のためのプロバイオティックメカニズムに関する新しい洞察を提供します.
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