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関連する概念動画

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

980
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
980
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

734
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
734
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

626
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
626
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

494
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
494
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

438
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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作業メモリをオーバーロードする長期的な表現コスト

Nathaniel R Greene1, Dominic Guitard2, Alicia Forsberg3

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, 148 Tolentine Hall, 800 E. Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. nathaniel.greene@villanova.edu.

Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

あまりにも多くの情報を学ぶことは,長期記憶を阻害する可能性があります. 作業記憶 (WM) の過負荷は,高齢者でも,意図的な学習中に,詳細と要旨の検索を妨げ,自動要旨エンコーディングの理論に挑戦します.

キーワード:
老化とは,老化です.肝心なことは,長期記憶 長期記憶とはワーキングメモリ ワーキングメモリ

さらに関連する動画

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

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10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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科学分野:

  • 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 人間の記憶 人間の記憶

背景:

  • 新興の証拠は,ワーキングメモリ (WM) の容量制限が長期メモリ (LTM) のエンコーディングに影響を及ぼす可能性があることを示唆しています.
  • 記憶の理論は,しばしば比較的自動的なGistエンコーディングを想定しますが,これには限界があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • コーディング中のワーキングメモリ (WM) の過負荷が,長時間記憶 (LTM) の要旨と詳細の取り出しを損なうかどうかを調査する.
  • この効果が高齢者に広がり,意図的な学習条件下で持続するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 実験1:エンコーディング中に異なるWM負荷を持つ2つの高齢成人サンプル (それぞれn=40) で,LTMのギスト回収をテストした.
  • 実験2:エンコーディング時にオーバーロードされたWMで意図的な学習中の若者 (n=81) と高齢者 (n=40) のLTM gistリトリーヴを評価.

主要な成果:

  • LTM gist retrievalは,オブジェクトがWM容量を超えるセットでエンコードされたときに,高齢者では減少しました.
  • 若者および高齢者は,意図的な長期学習中にWMが過負荷されたときに,LTMの要約回収が損なわれたことを示しました.

結論:

  • 作業メモリ (WM) をエンコーディング時にオーバーロードすると,長期記憶 (LTM) の要旨の回収が著しく損なわれ,高齢者や意図的な学習下でもそうである.
  • これらの発見は,自動ギストエンコーディングの普遍性に異議を唱え,記憶理論の境界条件を示唆しています.