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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle01:20

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle

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Linear momentum is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the motion of an object. It is a vector quantity, having a magnitude equal to the product of its mass and its velocity, and direction along the object's velocity. On the other hand, linear impulse, also known as momentum impulse, is a concept in physics related to the change in the linear momentum of an object. Impulse is a vector quantity defined as the product of force and the time over which the force is applied.
Delving...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics01:15

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Dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics provide simplified ratios that help analyze fluid behavior without relying on specific units. The Reynolds number (Re), which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces, distinguishes between laminar and turbulent flows, making it essential in the design of pipelines and aerodynamic surfaces. The Froude number (Fr), the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces, is particularly useful in predicting wave formation and hydraulic jumps in...
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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
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単一量子粒子からの創発的粘性流体力学

Zhi-Li Zhou1, Mauricio Hippert2,3, Nicki Mullins1

  • 1University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics and Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Physical review. E
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

空間的デコヒーレンスは、開放量子系における流体力学的振る舞いを駆動します。本研究では、熱浴に結合した量子粒子がナビエ・ストークス方程式につながることを示し、創発的な流体ダイナミクスを明らかにします。

キーワード:
開放量子系空間的デコヒーレンス流体力学ナビエ・ストークス方程式創発現象量子-古典対応

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
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科学分野:

  • 量子物理学
  • 統計力学
  • 物性理論

背景:

  • 開放量子系は、環境によって影響される複雑なダイナミクスを示す。
  • 巨視的な現象（流体力学など）が微視的な量子相互作用からどのように創発するかを理解することは、重要な課題である。

研究 の 目的:

  • 開放量子系における空間的デコヒーレンスがどのように流体力学的振る舞いにつながるかを調査すること。
  • 量子ダイナミクスと古典流体方程式との関連を確立すること。

主な方法:

  • 熱浴に結合した単一の非相対論的量子粒子（カルディラ・レゲットモデル）を調査した。
  • 還元密度行列を展開することにより、位置表現におけるデコヒーレンスを利用した。
  • 結果として得られたべき級数を打ち切って、流体力学方程式を導出した。

主要な成果:

  • 2次までべき級数を打ち切ることで、散逸的な過渡流体力学方程式を導出した。
  • 輸送係数は減衰定数γによって決定されることを示した。
  • 漸近極限が、抗力を伴う圧縮性流体のナビエ・ストークス方程式をもたらすことを実証した。

結論:

  • 空間的デコヒーレンスは、開放量子系における流体力学的振る舞いの開始のメカニズムである。
  • 本研究は、大きな熱環境に結合した系における流体力学的記述の微視的な基礎を提供する。
  • クォーク・グルーオン・プラズマのシミュレーションへの示唆を含め、量子現象と古典流体力学を結びつける。