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難民と亡命希望者の集団におけるがん制御:広範囲のレビュー
Vikneswary Batumalai1,2,3, Mengqi Zhou1,4, Bronwen Blake5
1The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
JCO global oncology
|February 20, 2026
まとめ
難民と亡命希望者は,財政的,社会的,システム的な障壁のために,癌のケアに大きな不平等を経験しています. これらのギャップを埋めるには,移住した集団における公平ながん管理のための統合戦略が必要である.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 健康の平等,健康の平等について
背景:
- 難民や亡命希望者を含む,避難した人々は,特に非伝染性疾患については,医療へのアクセスに重大な課題に直面しています.
- がん制御は,これらの脆弱な集団に提供される医療のなかで,著しく見過ごされている領域です.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的に難民および亡命希望者の集団に対するがん治療における公平性に関する現在の知識を統合し,評価するスコーピングレビューを実施する.
- これらのグループに対するがんケア連続体全体における障壁と効果的な介入を特定すること.
主な方法:
- 難民,亡命希望者,がんに関する研究のためのPubMedとEmbase (2000-2024) の体系的な文献検索.
- 癌の治療継続のどの段階にも対応する研究や,患者,介護者,または提供者の視点を含む.
- 研究環境,集団,がん連続段階,および特定された障壁/介入によるデータ抽出とマッピング.
主要な成果:
- 掲載基準を満たした論文は111件で,ほとんどの研究は予防,検出,診断に焦点を当てていた.
- 一般的な問題には,がんに対する認識の低さ,スクリーニングの減少,診断の遅延,治療中断,生存率の低下などがあります.
- 特定された主な障壁は,金融,社会 (汚名,言語),およびシステム (一貫性のない政策) です.
結論:
- 難民と亡命希望者は,個別的および組織的要因の影響を受けた,がん治療の持続的で多面的な不平等に直面しています.
- 文化に合わせた教育や難民特有の診療所などの既存の介入は有望だが,研究とサービス提供における大きなギャップは残っている.
- 国内/国際保健政策における統合された戦略が緊急に必要であり,避難した人々のための包括的ながんケアに取り組む必要がある.
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