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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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複製後のクロマチンのアクセシビリティは,細胞の運命の変化を予測します.

Teresa E Knudsen1, Nazaret Reverón-Gómez2, Alva Biran2

  • 1The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

DNA複製は,細胞のアイデンティティの変化の間にクロマチンの構造を再構成します. この研究は,複製がクロマチンを開き,細胞の運命の移行のための機会の窓を作り出すことを明らかにしています.

キーワード:
DNAの複製 DNAの複製 DNAの複製細胞の運命が変わるクロマチンのアクセシビリティ差異化差異化とはrepli-ATAC-seqq となっている.再プログラミングの再プログラミングトランスクリプションファクター結合因子

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Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development
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科学分野:

  • エピジェネティクスと遺伝子調節
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学について
  • 細胞の再プログラミング

背景:

  • DNA複製は,細胞の微分化と再プログラミングの間にクロマチンの改造に役割を果たすという仮説があります.
  • 複製がクロマチンの構造に与える影響は知られているが,その機能的意義は不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞同一性移行中の複製結合クロマチンの変化の機能的役割を調査する.
  • DNA複製が細胞運命を決定するためのクロマチンのアクセシビリティを積極的に促進するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • マウスの胚性幹細胞の微分化および線維芽細胞の再プログラムにおいて,複製結合のATAC-seq (配列を用いたトランスポザース可アクセス性クロマチンの測定法) を利用した.
  • 複製されたDNA領域と複製されていないDNA領域におけるクロマチンのアクセシビリティの比較.
  • 再プログラム中にクロマチンの開きに対する複製阻害の影響を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 複製されたDNA分子のみでの de novo クロマチンの開口を観察した.
  • 複製された領域におけるアクセシビリティの風景は,細胞の微分化の後の段階を模倣した.
  • 系統特異の転写因子結合は,複製オープンクロマチンの領域で濃縮された.
  • DNA複製を阻害すると,初期再プログラム中にクロマチンの開口が損なわれる.

結論:

  • DNA複製は,クロマチンの開きを活発に推進し,細胞のアイデンティティの変化に有利なアクセシブルな景観を確立します.
  • 複製は,発達,病気,再プログラムに必要なクロマチンの改造を促進する重要な"機会の窓"を作成します.
  • この研究は,複製によって引き起こされる構造クロマチンの改変を,細胞運命を決定する機能的結果と関連付けています.