戦争や複雑な緊急事態における耐薬性結核:結核の撲滅と抗菌剤耐性抑制に向けた進展を危うくする - スコーピングレビューと展望
Ignacio Monedero-Recuero1,2, Xiaolin Wei3, Fabienne Jouberton4
1Damien Foundation, Brussels, Belgium ignacio.monederorecuero@actiondamien.be.
BMJ global health
|February 20, 2026
まとめ
複雑な緊急事態 (CE) で薬剤耐性結核 (DR-TB) の管理は,紛争により,特に脆弱なグループにとって,アクセスとデータが限られているため,困難です. イノベーションは有望ですが,結核の撲滅には,支援と研究を拡大することが不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス・セキュリティー グローバル・ヘルス・セキュリティー
- 感染症の疫学について
- 抗菌剤に対する耐性があります.
背景:
- 複雑な緊急事態 (CE) と長期の紛争は,医療システムを深刻な混乱させ,結核 (TB) 治療を妨げています.
- 紛争地域における薬剤耐性結核 (DR-TB) の管理は,限られた証拠があるため,特に困難です.
- 戦争や戦後の状況は,結核耐性を増幅し,世界的な抗菌剤耐性危機を悪化させる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- CE環境でDR-TBケアを提供することに関する世界的な経験と課題を分析する.
- 人道的危機中のDR-TB管理におけるリスク要因,現在の慣行,および研究のギャップを特定する.
主な方法:
- ピアレビューされた論文とグレーの文献の包括的なスコーピングレビュー.
- CEにおけるDR-TBケアに関与する実施機関との協議.
主要な成果:
- 診断へのアクセスが限られ,報告率が低い (<20%) が,CEにおけるDR-TBのケアを特徴としています.
- 診断された患者の治療成功率は,世界の平均と比較し,イノベーションにより治療結果が改善されています.
- 脆弱な集団 (IDP,囚人,子供) に関するデータは最小限であり,標的型介入を妨げています.
結論:
- 紛争はDR-TBの動態を大幅に変化させ,TBの撲滅目標と世界的な抗菌剤耐性への取り組みを脅かしている.
- イノベーションは,CEにおけるDR-TBの治療の実現可能性を高めていますが,アクセスは依然として大きな制約となっています.
- 結核支援の拡大と,特に欧州の脆弱な集団に対する,標的を絞った研究が緊急に必要である.
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