東アフリカにおける喘息の流行とリスク要因:体系的なレビューとメタ解析

Ermias Sisay Chanie¹, Adam Jaffe^2,3, Jahidur Rahman Khan²

¹Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. ermisis1888@gmail.com.

BMC pediatrics

|February 20, 2026

まとめ

幼児性喘息は東アフリカで流行しており,子供の15.2%に感染しています. 主要な危険因子には,家族歴,環境およびアレルギーへの曝露,喫煙などがあり,標的を絞った介入が必要である.

科学分野:

小児呼吸器医学について
エピデミオロジーエピデミオロジー
東アフリカにおける公衆衛生

背景:

発展途上国では,小児性喘息の罹患率が増加しており,健康と経済に大きな負担を及ぼしています.
地域の喘息の負担を特定することは,効果的な公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

東アフリカにおける小児性喘息の流行を体系的にレビューし,メタ分析する.
地域の小児性喘息に関連する主要なリスク要因を特定する.

主な方法:

東アフリカ6カ国の20258人の子どもを対象とした11件の研究の体系的なレビューとメタ解析.
PRISMAのガイドラインに準拠して,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Scienceで実施された検索.
ランダム効果メタアナリシスは,コクレーンQテストとI2統計によって評価された異質性で,プールされた有病率とオッズ比率を計算するために使用されました.

主要な成果:

東アフリカにおける小児性喘息の総発生率は15.2% (95%CI: 11.9%, 18.5%) であり,国によって異なる (タンザニア: 5.2%,ウガンダ: 20.8%).
特定された重要なリスク要因には,家族歴の喘息 (POR=3.1),環境への曝露 (POR=10.1),アレルギーへの曝露 (POR=3.1),喫煙への曝露 (POR=2.9) が含まれる.

結論:

幼児期の喘息は,東アフリカで高い罹患率と複数の関連する危険因子を示しています.
環境への曝露,アレルギー,喫煙などの変更可能な要因に対するターゲットを絞った介入を強調することが推奨されます.

キーワード:

喘息喘息喘息喘息喘息喘息喘息喘息喘息子供子供子供子供子供子供東アフリカ,東アフリカ.リスクファクターリスクファクターシステマティック・レビューとメタ分析

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