精神疾患と身体疾患のシステム全体に共通する遺伝的責任
Jeremy M Lawrence1,2, Isabelle F Foote3, Sophie Breunig3,4
1Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA. Jeremy.Lawrence@colorado.edu.
Nature communications
|February 21, 2026
まとめ
精神疾患と身体疾患との間の遺伝的関連は一般的です. 内部化および神経発達などの特定の精神病学的要因は,多くの身体的条件と遺伝的リスクを大きく共有し,新しい診断アプローチを提案しています.
科学分野:
- 精神医学遺伝学 精神医学遺伝学とは
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ゲノム解析ゲノム解析について
背景:
- 広範囲にわたる精神病的-身体的併発症が文書化されています.
- この共病性のトランス診断的性質は,さらなる調査を必要とします.
- ゲノミックSEM (構造方程式モデリング) は,遺伝的相関を分析するためのツールです.
研究 の 目的:
- 精神的および身体的健康状態のトランス診断的遺伝的基盤を調査する.
- 物理的な結果を分析するための探索的アプローチ (Genomic E-SEM) でゲノミックSEMを拡張する.
- 精神疾患と身体疾患の領域間で共有される遺伝的リスク要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 応用ゲノミックSEMとノベルゲノミックE-SEMを8つの医療領域で約190万人の症例から73の物理的アウトカムに応用しました.
- 既定の精神的要因と並行して,潜伏した身体疾患の要因をモデル化した.
- トランス診断的な身体疾患因子に関する多変量ゲノム・ワイド・アソシエーション研究 (GWAS) を実施した.
主要な成果:
- 内化,神経発達,および薬物使用の精神病学的要因は,すべての身体的疾患システムとの実質的なゲノム全体の遺伝的相関を示した.
- 思考/精神病および強迫的要因は,身体疾患要因と限られた関連を示した.
- 21の疾患を含むトランス診断的身体疾患因子は,27のゲノムリスクロシウスを特定し,PheWAS (Phenome-Wide Association Studies) で強い予測有効性を示しました.
結論:
- 特定の精神疾患のグループ (内在化,神経発達,薬物使用) と身体的状態の間で普遍的な遺伝的リスク共有が明らかになった.
- 発見は,現在の診断カテゴリーを超えて,改訂された鼻学的な枠組みの必要性を示唆しています.
- 精神的および身体的健康の間の共通の病因を明らかにするために,ゲノム学的アプローチの可能性を強調しています.
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