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関連する概念動画

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
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Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
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栄養微小環境はRPE代謝を再プログラムする

Rayne R Lim, Emily Zhao, Daniel T Hass

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 23, 2026
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    栄養環境は網膜色素上皮（RPE）細胞の機能と代謝に大きく影響します。培養液の選択は、加齢黄斑変性（AMD）モデリングにおける再現可能な研究にとって非常に重要です。

    キーワード:
    加齢黄斑変性網膜色素上皮細胞培養代謝再現性

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    科学分野:

    • 細胞生物学; 代謝工学; 眼科学

    背景:

    • 人工多能性幹細胞由来網膜色素上皮（iPSC RPE）は、加齢黄斑変性（AMD）の研究に不可欠です。一貫性のないRPE培養培地の組成は、RPE代謝および表現型に関する再現可能な研究を妨げます。

    研究 の 目的:

    • 6つの異なる栄養微小環境がRPEの表現型、機能、および代謝にどのように影響するかを体系的に調査すること。iPSC RPEおよび胎児RPE（fRPE）モデルの両方でこれらの影響を比較すること。

    主な方法:

    • iPSC RPEおよびfRPEを6つの異なる培地で培養しました：MEMα、DMEM-HG/F12、HPLM+FBS、HPLM+B27、およびX-VIVO 10。RPEマーカー、細胞形態、経上皮抵抗、および代謝プロファイル（アミノ酸、脂質、ヌクレオチド）を評価しました。

    主要な成果:

    • B27およびX-VIVO 10培地は、RPE細胞のサイズ、六角形度、およびバリア機能を強化しました。特定の培地は distinct な代謝変化を誘導しました：HPLM+FBSは脂質蓄積につながり、X-VIVO 10は空胞形成を引き起こし、B27補給は呼吸を促進しました。代謝産物分析により、クレアチン、セリン、タウリン、リボフラビン、グアニンの消費/生産における条件依存的なシフトが明らかになりました。

    結論:

    • 栄養微小環境は、RPEの表現型、機能、および代謝の重要な決定要因です。この研究は、特にAMDのRPE疾患モデリングにおいて、適切な培地の選択と結果の解釈に不可欠なデータを提供します。