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Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

5.3K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
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Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

5.2K
A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
5.2K
Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview01:14

Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview

1.0K
Conjugation, a key component of phase II biotransformation reactions, is a vital process in drug detoxification. It involves transferring endogenous substances like glucuronic acid, sulfate, and glycine to drugs or their metabolites formed in phase I reactions. These conjugation reactions, often catalyzed by specific enzymes, transform potentially harmful metabolites into inactive, water-soluble forms easily excreted in urine or bile. By enhancing polarity and eliminating pharmacological...
1.0K
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

3.1K
Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
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Author Spotlight: Emerging Technologies and Advanced Tools for Decoding Metabolomics Data Analysis
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抱合メタボロームのナビゲーション

Shipei Xing, Abubaker Patan, Julius Agongo

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 23, 2026
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    この研究は、数十億のスペクトルを使用して、広大で未踏の抱合代謝物の世界をマッピングする。数千の新しい構造が明らかになり、生化学的多様性と潜在的な生物活性の理解が深まる。

    キーワード:
    抱合メタボローム代謝物質量分析法生化学化学生物学

    さらに関連する動画

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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    Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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    科学分野:

    • 生化学
    • メタボロミクス
    • 化学生物学

    背景:

    • メタボロミクスは多くの小分子をカタログ化しましたが、抱合代謝物は大部分マッピングされていません。
    • 抱合代謝物は、微生物シグナル、解毒中間体、内因性調節因子として役割を果たします。

    研究 の 目的:

    • 公開メタボロミクスデータ全体における抱合イベントのマッピングと新規抱合代謝物の発見。
    • 抱合代謝物の構造発見とMS/MSアノテーションのためのリソースの確立。

    主な方法:

    • リバーススペクトル検索とデルタマス推論を使用して、公開リポジトリから13.2億のMS/MSスペクトルをマイニングしました。
    • 数百万のMS/MSクラスターの構造仮説を生成し、部分構造ペアと候補抱合体を推測しました。

    主要な成果:

    • 217,000以上の部分構造ペアと340万の候補抱合体を同定しました。
    • 予測された抱合体には、宿主と微生物の共代謝物、食事由来、および薬物由来の種（例：薬物エタノールアミン抱合体、ステロイドホスホエタノールアミン抱合体）が含まれます。
    • 合成標準物質を用いて55の抱合体を検証し、生体サンプルで保持時間の一致により27を検証しました。

    結論:

    • 複数のリポジトリにわたる潜在的な抱合化学の包括的なマップを提供しました。
    • 抱合メタボロームの範囲と多様性を探求するための貴重なリソースを確立しました。
    • メタボロミクスにおける将来の構造発見とMS/MSアノテーションのためのスケーラブルなフレームワークを提供しました。