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関連する概念動画

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

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Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation
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欠陥によって誘発される活性相分離

Yujuan Song1, Feifei Liu1, Qingqing Yin1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

The Journal of chemical physics
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

アクティブサスペンションの欠陥は粒子凝集を急速に誘発し、低密度でも運動誘発相分離（MIPS）を可能にする。このメカニズムは細菌バイオフィルム形成を説明する可能性がある。

キーワード:
アクティブマター運動誘発相分離欠陥化学走性バイオフィルムソフトマター物理学

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Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
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Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
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関連する実験動画

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Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
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Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
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科学分野:

  • 物理学
  • ソフトマター物理学
  • 生物物理学

背景:

  • 運動誘発相分離（MIPS）は、アクティブマターにおける重要な現象である。
  • 低粒子密度（二項領域）でMIPSを達成することは、計算上困難である。
  • 既存のモデルでは、高いパッキング率または長いシミュレーション時間が必要となることが多い。

研究 の 目的:

  • 希薄領域における急速なMIPSの新規メカニズムを調査する。
  • 相分離の開始と駆動における欠陥の役割を探る。
  • バイオフィルム形成などの生物学的凝集プロセスに関する洞察を提供する。

主な方法:

  • アクティブサスペンションの数値シミュレーション。
  • 欠陥ダイナミクスとその粒子凝集への影響の分析。
  • 欠陥誘発MIPSを研究するための初期条件とシステムパラメータの変更。

主要な成果:

  • 欠陥は効果的な化学走性中心として機能し、急速に局所的な粒子凝集体を形成する。
  • これらの凝集体は成長・合体し、完全な相分離につながる可能性がある。
  • 欠陥誘発メカニズムは、二項領域におけるMIPSの時間と計算コストを大幅に削減する。

結論:

  • 欠陥誘発凝集は、低密度でのMIPSの効率的な経路を提供する。
  • このメカニズムは、細菌がバイオフィルムに凝集する可能性のある説明を提供する。
  • 栄養粒子は、物理モデルの欠陥と同様に、化学走性誘引物質として機能する可能性がある。