小児糖尿病の有病率:メディケイド受給者における調査
Hao Zhang1, Theodoros Giannouchos1, David Becker1
1Department of Health Policy and Organization, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
JAMA network open
|February 23, 2026
まとめ
2016年から2021年にかけて、メディケイドおよびCHIP加入者の小児糖尿病有病率は上昇し、特に2型糖尿病の増加が顕著でした。これは、小児糖尿病に対する的を絞った予防および管理戦略の緊急の必要性を強調しています。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 小児内分泌学
- ヘルスサービスリサーチ
背景:
- 小児糖尿病は、生涯にわたる合併症と多大な費用に関連する、米国における増大する公衆衛生上の課題です。
- 社会経済的にリスクの高い集団は不釣り合いな負担を負っており、メディケイドとCHIPはこれらの若者の大多数を保険でカバーしています。
- メディケイドおよびCHIP集団内の小児糖尿病の有病率と傾向に関する全国的なデータは限られています。
研究 の 目的:
- メディケイドおよびCHIPの小児加入者(2016-2021年)における1型糖尿病(T1D)および2型糖尿病(T2D)の有病率の全国推定値と傾向を決定すること。
- 人口統計学的および地理的サブグループ間の有病率と傾向のばらつきを分析すること。
主な方法:
- 2016年から2021年までの変容メディケイド統計情報システム(T-MSIS)分析ファイルを利用した反復横断研究。
- 43州にわたる継続的に登録されている18歳以下のメディケイドおよびCHIP加入者を対象としました。
- 年齢、性別、人種、民族、地域、都市部/地方部別に層別化し、Cochran-Armitage検定を用いて傾向を評価しました。
主要な成果:
- 2016年から2021年の間に、小児糖尿病の有病率は1000人あたりの加入者あたり2.73から3.04に増加しました(相対増加率11.4%)。
- 1型糖尿病(T1D)の有病率は6.5%増加した一方、2型糖尿病(T2D)の有病率は24.3%増加しました。
- T2Dの増加は、男性(48.1%)および米国西部居住者(51.8%)で特に顕著でした。地方の居住者は都市部の居住者よりも有病率が高かったものの、相対的な増加率は低かったです。
結論:
- メディケイド加入者の小児における糖尿病有病率の着実な増加は、増大する公衆衛生上の懸念を示しています。
- T2Dの著しい増加は、積極的な予防、スクリーニング、および管理介入の重要な必要性を強調しています。
- これらの傾向に対処することは、小児糖尿病に関連する長期的な健康格差と経済的負担を軽減するために不可欠です。
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