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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

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緩和ケア診療における疾患群別の症状負担
Emmanuelle Bélanger1,2, Sai Pranav Kota3, Rebecca E MacDonell-Yilmaz4,5,6,7
1Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
The American journal of hospice & palliative care
|February 25, 2026
まとめ
緩和ケア患者は、特に痛み、不安、呼吸困難において、かなりの症状負担を経験します。多様な診断にわたるこれらの症状を管理するには、個別化された緩和ケア(PC)サービスが不可欠です。
科学分野:
- 緩和ケア; 症状管理; ヘルスサービスリサーチ
背景:
- 緩和ケア(PC)は、生命を制限する疾患を持つ人々の苦痛を和らげ、生活の質を向上させることを目的としています。PCにおける症状負担に関する既存の研究は、主に米国外のがん患者に焦点を当てており、様々な疾患にわたる大規模な米国データの必要性が生じています。症状の有病率と重症度を理解することは、PC提供を最適化するために不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 米国緩和ケア患者の大規模コホートにおける症状負担を特徴づけること。様々な疾患群における症状の有病率と重症度を調査すること。症状軽減に対する緩和ケア介入の影響を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2022年7月から2023年12月の間に、エドモントン症状評価スケール(ESAS)評価を少なくとも1回受けた緩和ケアを受けている5871人の患者を含め、米国のホスピス機関からの質指標を利用した後ろ向きコホート研究。0から10の重症度スケールで評価された5つの主要な症状(痛み、不安、呼吸困難など)を、診断別に層別化して分析しました。
主要な成果:
- 初回時点で、痛み(34.3%)、不安(32.3%)、呼吸困難(28.0%)の有病率が高く観察されました。患者の相当な割合が中等度から重度の痛み(中等度17.6%、重度16.7%)を報告しました。症状負担は診断によって異なり、固形腫瘍および肝疾患では痛みの割合が高く、心臓および肺疾患では呼吸困難の割合が高かったです。フォローアップを受けた患者では、痛み(33.1%)、不安(22.1%)、呼吸困難(19.3%)でかなりの症状改善が認められました。
結論:
- 緩和ケア患者は、基礎疾患の影響を受けるかなりの症状負担を示します。患者の多様な身体的および精神的ニーズに対応するには、効果的な計画と個別化されたPCサービスへのアクセスが不可欠です。この調査結果は、緩和ケア内での個別化された症状管理戦略の重要性を強調しています。
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