オランダのホルスタイン牛におけるメタン表現型の異なる定義の探求
C I V Manzanilla-Pech1, A E van Breukelen1, R F Veerkamp1
1Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
JDS communications
|February 25, 2026
まとめ
ゲノム育種は乳牛のメタン排出量を削減できる。平均メタン濃度(CH4c)およびピークメタン濃度(speaks)は、低排出牛の育種に適した代理であり、他のメタン測定値との強い遺伝的相関を示す。
科学分野:
- 動物科学
- 遺伝学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 乳牛のメタン排出量の削減は、環境の持続可能性にとって極めて重要です。
- ゲノム育種は、排出量の少ない反芻動物の育種のための有望な戦略を提供します。
- 効果的な遺伝的改善のためには、正確なメタン表現型測定が不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 乳牛における11の異なるメタン排出表現型の遺伝的パラメータを推定する。
- さまざまなメタン表現型と乳量(MY)および体重(BW)との間の遺伝的相関を評価する。
- ゲノム育種プログラムに適したメタン表現型を特定する。
主な方法:
- 7,600頭のオランダのホルスタイン牛からの149,726件のシュナイファー記録(2019-2024年)の分析。
- 固定効果(群-年-季節、泌乳週、泌乳回数、分娩時年齢)を持つ動物反復モデルを使用。
- メタン濃度(CH4c)、メタン生成量(CH4p)、メタン強度(MeI)、および関連形質(CO2c)の遺伝率と遺伝的相関を推定。
主要な成果:
- CH4c表現型の遺伝率推定値は0.16から0.30、CH4p表現型は0.03から0.27の範囲でした。
- IPCC Tier2ベンチマークを除くほとんどのCH4cおよびCH4p表現型間で高い遺伝的相関が観察されました。
- 平均CH4c(avg)および最大ピークの合計(speaks)は、CH4pとの強い正の相関を示し、MYおよびBWとの望ましくない相関は最小限でした。
結論:
- シュナイファー測定値を使用する場合、平均CH4c(avg)およびピークCH4c(speaks)は、乳牛におけるメタン排出量の信頼できる代理です。
- これらの表現型は、乳量や体重に悪影響を与えることなく、低排出動物の育種において有利な遺伝的相関を示します。
- 本研究の結果は、酪農におけるメタン排出量を軽減するためのゲノム育種戦略におけるavgおよびspeaksの使用を支持します。
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