潰瘍性大腸炎における直腸組織内視鏡活動の予測のためのマイクロコンベックスプローブまたは従来の線状プローブを用いた会陰部超音波検査の診断精度の比較：対照的な前向き、ヘッドツーヘッド比較研究

Prior studies have reported variable diagnostic accuracy of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in ulcerative colitis (UC) using linear and/or microconvex probes. This study directly compared these probes for predicting rectal histoendoscopic activity.

Adults with UC prospectively underwent transabdominal ultrasound (TAS) with TPUS using linear followed by microconvex probes by blinded operators. Rectal total wall thickness (TWT), vascularity (Modified Limberg score [MLS]), and Milan ultrasound criteria (MUC) were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined area under the curve (AUC) for endoscopic (Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity >1) and histologic (Nancy Index >1) activity, with paired AUC comparisons.

Ninety-seven patients (32% female; age 18-70 years) were included. For endoscopic activity, TPUS outperformed TAS. Microconvex TPUS showed numerically higher AUCs for selected parameters (TWT: 0.77; vascularity: 0.78; MUC: 0.81) compared with linear TPUS (TWT: 0.75; vascularity: 0.71; MUC: 0.77), although head-to-head differences were not consistently statistically significant. For histologic activity, microconvex and linear TPUS demonstrated comparable performance (AUC range 0.66-0.80). Axial-plane posterior wall thickness assessment with the microconvex probe showed favorable trends over longitudinal measurements (endoscopic: ΔAUC -0.071, P = .074; histologic: ΔAUC 0.081, P = .08). Vascularity-based metrics were consistently superior on TPUS compared with TAS, irrespective of probe type.

TPUS provides clinically relevant, noninvasive assessment of rectal inflammation in UC. While microconvex TPUS offers technical advantages-particularly axial-plane assessment of posterior wall thickness with favorable diagnostic trends-no single probe demonstrated uniform superiority. These findings highlight the complementary roles of linear and microconvex probes and support ongoing standardization of TPUS.