炎症性腸疾患における便意切迫症:概念分析
Daniele Napolitano1, Mattia Bozzetti2, Valentina Vanzi3
1CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
|February 25, 2026
まとめ
炎症性腸疾患(IBD)における便意切迫症は、突然の、制御不能な排便の必要性を伴う多次元的なものである。IBDケアと研究におけるその評価と管理のための新しいフレームワークが提案されている。
科学分野:
- 消化器病学;臨床心理学;医療サービス研究
背景:
- 便意切迫症は、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)において重要であるが、見過ごされがちな症状である。患者の生活の質に深刻な影響を与えるが、一貫した特徴付けと測定が欠如している。効果的なIBD管理のためには、便意切迫症の理解が不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- IBDにおける便意切迫症の概念を定義すること。その臨床的およびメカニズム的側面に関する現在のエビデンスをレビューすること。臨床実践と研究におけるその評価と管理のためのフレームワークを提案すること。
主な方法:
- WalkerとAvantの8段階法を用いたナラティブ概念分析。臨床的、生理学的、および患者報告アウトカム研究(2016-2025)からのエビデンスの統合。MEDLINE、PsycInfo、Scopus、およびWeb of Scienceを含む主要データベースの検索。
主要な成果:
- 便意切迫症の7つの定義的属性が特定された:突然の発症、制御不能性、トイレまでの限られた時間、失禁への恐怖、予期不安、回避行動、および持続性。先行要因には、直腸炎症、過敏性、骨盤底機能の変化、および心理社会的要因が含まれる。結果は、感情的苦痛、社会的制限、および医療利用の増加を包含する。現在の測定基準は多次元性を欠いている。
結論:
- 便意切迫症は、生理学的、心理学的、および行動的次元を持つ複雑な構成概念である。便意切迫症の体系的な評価は、日常的なIBDケアおよび臨床試験に組み込まれるべきである。症状モニタリングと患者中心のアウトカムを改善するためには、検証された多次元的なIBD特異的切迫症測定値が必要である。
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