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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

4.4K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.4K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

4.0K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.0K
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

8.9K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
8.9K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.7K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.7K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

10.2K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
10.2K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.7K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation
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Dual Effects of Melanoma Cell-derived Factors on Bone Marrow Adipocytes Differentiation

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脂肪細胞と骨芽細胞間のクロストークによる骨分化制御

Mariana Liessa Rovis Sanches1, Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara2, Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

脂肪組織は骨芽細胞機能を損なうことで骨の健康を妨げる。脂肪細胞の分泌物は骨形成を妨げ、骨粗鬆症に寄与し、治療介入のための経路を強調する。

キーワード:
脂肪細胞細胞分化骨芽細胞

さらに関連する動画

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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科学分野:

  • 骨生物学; 細胞間相互作用; 代謝性骨疾患

背景:

  • 骨の恒常性は、骨髄内の骨細胞と脂肪組織との間の複雑なクロストークに依存している。脂肪細胞の発達(脂肪形成)を骨細胞の発達(骨形成)よりも優先する不均衡は、骨粗鬆症および骨髄脂肪の増加と関連している。脂肪細胞由来因子は、骨芽細胞活性および骨代謝の調節に関与している。

研究 の 目的:

  • 脂肪細胞由来のコンディショニング培地(CM)が骨芽細胞の機能および分化に及ぼす影響を調査すること。脂肪細胞分泌物に曝露された骨芽細胞の分子変化を同定すること。脂肪細胞が骨・脂肪細胞バランスに及ぼすメカニズムを解明すること。

主な方法:

  • 脂肪細胞由来のコンディショニング培地を用いた骨芽細胞の処理。細胞生存率、アルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)活性、および石灰化沈着の評価。差次的発現タンパク質の同定のためのプロテオーム解析。STRINGネットワーク解析およびエピジェネティックマーカーの評価を含むバイオインフォマティック解析。

主要な成果:

  • 脂肪細胞CMは細胞毒性を示さなかったが、石灰化沈着およびALP活性の低下によって証明されるように、骨芽細胞分化を有意に損なった。プロテオーム解析により、重要な細胞外マトリックスタンパク質のダウンレギュレーションと、炎症および酸化ストレスに関連するタンパク質(例:GAPDH、ビメンチン)のアップレギュレーションが明らかになった。ネットワーク解析により、ストレス応答経路での濃縮が示唆され、一方、ヘモグロビン過剰発現およびヒストンアイソフォームの減少のようなエピジェネティックな変化は、NF-κB活性化および酸化ストレスを示唆した。

結論:

  • 脂肪細胞の分泌物は、骨芽細胞の分化および機能に有害な、炎症および酸化ストレス促進性の微小環境を作り出す。鉱化作用の障害、細胞骨格機能不全、および有害なエピジェネティック修飾は、脂肪細胞-骨芽細胞クロストークの主要な結果である。これらの分子経路を標的とすることは、骨粗鬆症および関連する骨疾患に対する新規治療戦略を提供する可能性がある。