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関連する概念動画

Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

5.1K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

13.7K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
13.7K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

8.8K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
8.8K
Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving01:16

Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving

624
To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...
624
Design Example: Frog Muscle Response01:14

Design Example: Frog Muscle Response

636
A student is tasked to work on an intriguing experiment involving an RL (Resistor-Inductor) circuit to study the muscle response of a frog's leg to electrical stimulation. The RL circuit plays a crucial role in this experiment, providing the means to control and measure the electrical impulses that trigger muscle contraction.
When the switch connecting the RL circuit is closed, a brief muscle contraction is observed. This is because, at a steady state, the inductor acts like a short...
636
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

12.1K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
12.1K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats
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Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats

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初期二足歩行恐竜における最適なジャンプパフォーマンスを決定する形態と機能の関係

James P Charles1, Delyle T Polet2, John R Hutchinson2

  • 1Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

最適制御シミュレーションにより、恐竜Coelophysis bauriと鳥類Eudromia elegansは、体の形状と大きさの違いにもかかわらず、幾何学的に類似した後肢により同様の垂直ジャンプ能力を持っていたことが明らかになった。

キーワード:
筋仕事筋骨格モデル予測シミュレーション尾

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科学分野:

  • 古生物学
  • 生体力学
  • 進化学

背景:

  • 絶滅した動物の運動能力を理解することは、進化の洞察を得るための鍵である。
  • 二足歩行アーケオサウルスは、多様な形態と運動能力を示す。

研究 の 目的:

  • Coelophysis bauriとEudromia elegansの垂直ジャンプパフォーマンスを予測および比較すること。
  • 二足歩行アーケオサウルスのジャンプ能力における形態と関節ダイナミクスの影響を調査すること。

主な方法:

  • 最適制御シミュレーションを用いて垂直ジャンプパフォーマンスを予測した。
  • Coelophysis bauriの後肢の幾何学的形状と尾関節のダイナミクスを分析した。

主要な成果:

  • Coelophysis bauriとEudromia elegansは、後肢の幾何学的類似性に関連する同様の予測ジャンプパフォーマンスを示した。
  • Coelophysisのジャンプパフォーマンスは、尾関節の可動域と尾の質量に非常に敏感であった。

結論:

  • 体の大きさ、形態、関節のダイナミクスは、二足歩行アーケオサウルスのジャンプ能力に大きく影響した。
  • 尾の形態と関節の可動性はジャンプパフォーマンスに影響を与え、アーケオサウルスの進化に関する洞察を提供した。