家族性高コレステロール血症患者における複合LDLR遺伝子変異を伴う可変フェノタイプ:症例シリーズと臨床的意義
Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim1,2, Yung-An Chua1,3, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir1,3
1Cardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
Medicine
|February 27, 2026
まとめ
ホモ接合体家族性高コレステロール血症(HoFH)は、複合LDLR遺伝子変異により変動する症状を示すことがある。エクソン18の新規LDLR変異は、HoFH患者において軽度の高コレステロール血症および非定型臨床的特徴をもたらす可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 遺伝学; 心臓病学; 生化学
背景:
- ホモ接合体家族性高コレステロール血症(HoFH)は、極めて高いLDLコレステロール(LDL-C)および早期心血管疾患を特徴とするまれな遺伝性疾患である。通常、LDL受容体(LDLR)遺伝子の変異によって引き起こされ、LDL-Cクリアランスの低下につながる。この報告書は、複合LDLR変異を有する非定型臨床的症状を示す2つの無関係なHoFH症例を詳述する。
研究 の 目的:
- 複合LDLR変異を有するHoFHの2つのまれな症例を報告する。これらの患者における遺伝子型-フェノタイプ相関を調査する。HoFHの提示における変動性を認識することの重要性を強調する。
主な方法:
- 家族性連鎖およびルーチンスクリーニングによる症例同定。包括的な脂質プロファイリング。LDLR、APOB、PCSK9、ABCG5、ABCG8を含むFH関連遺伝子の次世代シーケンシング。ACMGガイドラインに従った新規LDLRバリアントの分類。
主要な成果:
- エクソン18における2つの新規複合LDLRバリアント、c.2548-1_2548delGAinsTC(病原性)およびc.2556_2557insTCAGTCTGG(p.Leu853Serfs*12; おそらく病原性)が同定された。症例1は両方のバリアントに対してホモ接合体であった。症例2はスプライス部位バリアントに対してホモ接合体であり、フレームシフトバリアントに対してヘテロ接合体であった。二倍体LDLRバリアントにもかかわらず、両患者は比較的軽度の高コレステロール血症を示し、腱黄色腫のような古典的なHoFHの兆候を欠いていた。
結論:
- 細胞質テールに影響を与えるエクソン18のLDLRバリアントは、HoFHにおける臨床的発現の減弱と関連している可能性がある。HoFHにおける遺伝子型-フェノタイプ変動は、正確な診断と管理のために慎重な検討を必要とする。HoFH患者には、個別化されたリスク層別化と治療戦略が不可欠である。
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