罰の動機付けとネガティブな感情が認知制御に及ぼす影響の違い
Rachel E Brough1, Chase A Spurbeck1, Kimberly S Chiew2
1Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
|February 27, 2026
まとめ
罰の脅威は、特にパフォーマンスに関連する場合、積極的な認知制御を強化する。罰の不確実性は、集団レベルでは制御に影響を与えなかったが、個人差と相互作用する可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 認知神経科学
- 感情神経科学
背景:
- 罰による認知制御の調節は、報酬によるものよりも理解されていない。
- 既存の研究では、認知制御に対する罰の影響について、結果が混在している。
研究 の 目的:
- 罰の脅威が積極的および反応的認知制御にどのように影響するかを調査すること。
- 罰の偶発性と不確実性が認知制御において果たす役割を調べること。
- 罰操作に対する反応における個人差を探求すること。
主な方法:
- AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) を使用した2つの実験。
- 実験1:ネガティブな感情(恐怖、怒り)を誘発し、パフォーマンス連動型対非連動型罰をテストした。
- 実験2:不確実で非連動型の罰と、それが特性不安および不確実性への不耐性と相互作用するかどうかを調べた。
主要な成果:
- 罰の脅威は一貫して積極的制御を増加させた。
- パフォーマンス連動型罰は積極的制御への影響を増幅させた。
- 罰の不確実性は、集団レベルでは認知制御を著しく変化させなかった。
- 探索的分析により、罰の不確実性と個人の特性(不安、不確実性への不耐性)との間の潜在的な相互作用が示唆された。
結論:
- 罰の動機付けは、報酬の動機付けと同様に、積極的な認知制御を強化することができる。
- ネガティブな感情が認知制御に及ぼす影響は複雑であり、文脈依存的である。
- 個人差は、罰の不確実性が認知制御の結果にどのように影響するかを著しく左右する。
関連する概念動画
The Influence of Cognition on Affect
260
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
260
The Influence of Affect on Cognition
335
Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
335
Punishment
1.0K
Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior....
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior....
1.0K
Self-Regulation
296
Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
296
Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes
243
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
243
Operant Conditioning
3.1K
Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
3.1K


