緑色および化学的に合成された銀ナノ粒子のゼブラフィッシュにおける比較毒性：持続可能なナノテクノロジーへの一歩

Green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) are emerging nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications; however, there are some concerns regarding their potential ecotoxicological risks to aquatic organisms. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the potential ecotoxicity of G-AgNPs synthesized from the aqueous extracts of Croton urucurana leaves and chemically synthesized AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system. G-AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by multiple techniques. Zebrafish embryos and larvae were exposed to G-AgNPs, aqueous leaf extract, PVP-AgNPs, and ionic silver for 144 h. The results showed that G-AgNPs altered survival and early development of zebrafish from 0.5 mg L^-1 (LC_50,144 h = 0.75 mg L^-1), reduced spontaneous contractions and heart rate, indicating their potential embryotoxic, neurotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects to fish. Also, G-AgNPs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Isolated extract caused delayed development, decreased spontaneous contractions and heart rate, cell death, and delayed hatching. Overall, G-AgNPs presented higher ecotoxicity in comparison with PVP-AgNPs (LC_50,144 h > 10 mg L^-1), indicating the potential hazardous effects of G-AgNPs to aquatic organisms.