子供では見られないタスク切り替えによる記憶への影響:成人における研究
Mirela Dubravac1, Claudia M Roebers1, Beat Meier1
1Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Acta psychologica
|February 28, 2026
まとめ
タスク切り替えはパフォーマンスと記憶を低下させます。成人(19〜31歳)とは異なり、子供(7〜13歳)には記憶切り替えコストが見られず、発達におけるエンコーディングプロセスの違いが示唆されました。
科学分野:
- 認知心理学
- 発達心理学
- 神経科学
背景:
- タスク切り替えは、認知パフォーマンスおよびその後の記憶想起に悪影響を及ぼします。
- 以前の研究では、記憶切り替えコストは存在するものの、時間とともに減少する可能性があることが示されています。
研究 の 目的:
- 子供と若い成人における記憶切り替えコストの発達の違いを調査すること。
- タスク切り替えが異なる年齢層の記憶エンコーディングにどのように影響するかを調査すること。
主な方法:
- 240人の参加者(子供7〜13歳、大人19〜31歳)が、交互のカテゴリ化タスク(サイズ、アニマシー)を画像に対して実行しました。
- スイッチ試行とリピート試行からの刺激について、偶発的な認識記憶を即時および1週間後にテストしました。
主要な成果:
- 子供と大人の両方で、タスク切り替えに関連するパフォーマンスの低下が見られました。
- 大人は即時テストで記憶切り替えコストを示しましたが、1週間後には消失しました。
- 子供はどちらの記憶テストでも記憶切り替えコストを示しませんでした。
結論:
- 子供の記憶エンコーディングは、成人よりもタスク切り替えの影響を受けにくいようです。
- 認知制御と記憶エンコーディング戦略の発達の違いが、子供における記憶切り替えコストの欠如を説明する可能性があります。
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