Kappa係数を用いた霜指数モデルに基づく将来の地球規模の年間凍土分布データセット
Xiaoduo Pan1, Hu Li1,2, Xiaowei Nie3,4,5
1National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Scientific data
|March 1, 2026
まとめ
気候温暖化により永久凍土が融解し、生態系やインフラに影響を与えている。新しい研究では、最も排出量が多いシナリオでは最大61%が失われるなど、2100年までに大幅な凍土の損失が予測されている。
科学分野:
- 地球システム科学
- 気候科学
- 雪氷圏科学
背景:
- 永久凍土は世界の土地の20%を覆い、気候変動に対して脆弱である。
- 永久凍土の劣化は、水文学、炭素循環、生態系、インフラに影響を与える。
- 将来の永久凍土分布の正確な予測は困難である。
研究 の 目的:
- 将来の年間凍土分布の高解像度グローバルデータセットを生成する。
- 永久凍土予測精度の向上に表面霜指数(SFI)の閾値を最適化する。
- 様々な共有社会経済経路(SSP)の下での永久凍土の劣化を評価する。
主な方法:
- カッパ係数による精度評価を用いて、最適化された霜指数閾値(Fat)を較正した。
- シミュレーション出力をベンチマークマップと比較して、最適なFatを特定した。
- 較正された閾値を、将来予測(2020-2099年)のためにダウンサイジングされたCMIP6データ(解像度0.25°)に適用した。
主要な成果:
- 4つのSSPシナリオすべてで永久凍土の劣化が加速すると予測される。
- 中間世紀(2040-2060年)の凍土損失は19-28%と推定される。
- 世紀末(2080-2099年)の損失は21-61%の範囲であり、SSP585で最も高くなる。
結論:
- 高解像度の予測により、将来の永久凍土の融解が明らかになった。
- 調査結果は、気候影響評価と適応戦略の緊急の必要性を強調している。
- 最適化されたSFI閾値は、永久凍土分布モデリングの精度を向上させる。
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