汚職が公衆衛生に与える影響
Ilias Kyriopoulos1, Dimitrios Minos2, Sotiris Vandoros3,4
1London School of Economics and Political Science.
The Milbank quarterly
|March 1, 2026
まとめ
汚職は、特に低所得国において、死亡率の上昇と関連している。汚職対策は、公衆衛生と政府の歳入を改善し、世界の健康目標に沿う可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 政治経済学、制度的要因、公衆衛生の結果の交差を調査する。
- 従来の公衆衛生研究を超えた健康のアップストリーム決定要因の理解に貢献する。
背景:
- 汚職と公衆衛生との関連は、公衆衛生文献において十分に探求されていない。
- 既存の研究では、汚職のようなマクロレベルの構造的決定要因が見過ごされがちである。
- 本研究は、死亡率に対する汚職の影響を調べることによって、そのギャップに対処するものである。
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的な汚職と死亡率との関連を調査すること。
- 汚職が公衆衛生に影響を与える経路を探求すること。
- 汚職対策と健康状態の改善との関連を強調することにより、政策に情報を提供すること。
主な方法:
- 2008年から2018年の間に102カ国の国レベルのデータを利用する。
- 操作変数法やムンドラック法を含む計量経済学的手法を採用する。
- 内生性の懸念に対処するために、歴史的文化的要因を操作変数として使用する。
主要な成果:
- 汚職レベルと死亡率の上昇との間に有意な正の関係が見られた。
- 汚職は、政府歳入の減少、財政能力の低下、特に医療における公的資金の配分の誤りと関連している。
- 公的財の供給レベルによって、死亡率に対する汚職の影響は緩和される。
結論:
- 汚職は公衆衛生の重要なアップストリーム決定要因であり、医療財政と資源配分に影響を与える。
- 汚職対策は、公衆衛生上の優先課題として考慮されるべきである。
- 汚職対策は、持続可能な開発目標のような世界の健康目標に沿い、それらを支援するものである。
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