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What is Climate?01:16

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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国際排出量取引制度（ETS）と物理的気候リスク

Pengyu Chen1, Zhongzhu Chu2, Yuhao Zhao1

  • 1School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

排出量取引制度（ETS）は、緩和と適応を促進することにより、物理的気候リスクを効果的に低減します。その影響は国によって異なり、高い炭素価格は市場の不均衡を生み出す可能性があります。

キーワード:
排出量取引制度（ETS）制度理論物理的気候リスク資源ベースビュー

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科学分野:

  • 環境経済学
  • 気候ガバナンス
  • 持続可能な開発

背景:

  • 排出量取引制度（ETS）は、持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）に関連する市場ベースの気候政策です。
  • ケインズ経済学の批判は、気候リスク管理を妨げる投資慣性を強調しています。
  • ETSが気候リスク管理において有効であるかどうかについては議論があります。

研究 の 目的:

  • 制度理論と資源ベースビューを統合した新しい概念的枠組みを構築すること。
  • ETSと物理的気候リスクの関係を経験的に検証すること。
  • ETSの最適化と気候政策設計のための理論的洞察を提供すること。

主な方法:

  • 段階的な差分の差分（DID）設計を利用しました。
  • 2000年から2023年までのグローバルデータを使用しました。
  • 制度理論と資源ベースビューを統合しました。

主要な成果:

  • ETSは、特に急性のリスクを大幅に低減します。
  • ETSは、緩和、適応、および金融の経路を通じて機能し、スピルオーバー効果と閾値効果があります。
  • 有効性は、イデオロギー的/経済的整合性（資本主義、非EU、非OECD諸国）によって異なり、高い炭素価格は市場の不均衡を引き起こす可能性があります。

結論:

  • ETSは、物理的気候リスクを緩和する実質的な気候ガバナンスツールです。
  • ETSの有効性のためには、経路と文脈的要因を理解することが重要です。
  • ETSの最適化と将来の気候政策の設計のための経験的サポートが提供されます。