南米のカエルの尿管形成と低蒸発性水分損失

V H Shoemaker, D Balding, R Ruibal

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 3, 1972

まとめ

南米のカエル,Phyllomedusa sauvagiiは,大量のウラートを排泄しています. この両生類は,類に匹敵する,蒸発による水の損失が非常に少ない.

科学分野:

動物学動物学
ヘルペトロジーヘルペトロジー
生理学生理学とは

背景:

両生類は,通常,透かしやすい皮膚のため,蒸発による水の損失率が高くなります.
ウラートの排泄は,陸上の脊椎動物における水資源の保存のための重要な適応である.

研究の目的:

Phyllomedusa sauvagiiの水バランスと窒素性廃棄物の排泄を調査する.
Phyllomedusa sauvagiiの水失水率を他のアヌランやトカゲと比較するために.

主な方法:

Phyllomedusa sauvagiiを昆虫のみの食事で維持する.
蒸発による水の損失の測定速度.
生成された窒素廃棄物の形態を分析する.

主要な成果:

Phyllomedusa sauvagiiは,かなりの量の半固体ウラートを生成しました.
蒸発による水の損失率は,他のアヌラーンの5〜10%でした.
水失水率は,同じサイズのトカゲの水失水率と似ていた.

結論:

Phyllomedusa sauvagiiは,ウラート産生と低蒸発性水の損失を通じて,水を効果的に保存しています.
この種は乾燥した環境への適応を示し,両生類と爬虫類の水平衡戦略の間の境界線を曖昧にしています.

さらに関連する動画

06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

関連する概念動画

01:47

Osmoregulation in Insects

Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.

02:12

What Are Osmoregulation and Excretion?

Organisms must keep bodily fluids at a constant temperature and pH while maintaining specific solute concentrations in order to support life functions. Osmoregulation is the process that balances solute and water levels.

01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

01:20

Formation of Dilute Urine

The formation of dilute urine is a critical renal adaptation that maintains fluid balance, particularly during periods of high fluid intake. This process primarily involves the juxtamedullary nephrons. By adjusting the permeability of water and ions in response to physiological conditions, the kidneys can either conserve or excrete water, resulting in concentrated or dilute urine.
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...

01:29

Disorder of Water Balance

Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...

01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...

関連する実験動画