炭鉱の廃棄物堆から分離された熱愛性,酸性ミコプラズマ
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 25, 1970
まとめ
新しい熱愛性,酸性プロカリオットであるThermoplasma acidophilaは,自己加熱する石炭の廃棄物山で発見されました. 細胞壁がないこの生物は,極端な温度や酸性条件で繁栄し,既知のミコプラズマの生息地を拡大します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- エクストレモフィルの研究
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- プロカリオットは通常,構造的整合性を保つために細胞壁を持っています.
- マイコプラズマは,細胞壁の欠如によって特徴づけられる細菌のユニークなグループです.
- 極端な環境は,ユニークな適応を備えた多様な微生物を宿している.
研究 の 目的:
- 自己発熱する石炭の廃棄物の山から新しいプロカリオット生物を分離し,特徴づけること.
- 孤立した生物の形態的,生理的,遺伝的特性を決定する.
- ミコプラズマ関連生物の既知の生息地に対するこの発見の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 石炭廃棄物からプロカリオットの分離.
- 電子顕微鏡で細胞壁の欠落を確認する.
- ヘクソサミンの化学分析.
- バンコマイシンによる成長抑制アッセイ.
- DNAグアニン+サイトシン (GC) 含有量分析.
- 温度とpHの範囲における成長に関する研究.
主要な成果:
- 細胞壁が欠けている熱性,酸性プロカリオットの分離.
- 電子マイクログラフと生化学検査により,細胞壁の欠如が確認されました.
- DNAの低GC含有量と芽生えた生殖は,ミコプラズマとの関係を示唆した.
- 最適な成長は59°C,pH1~2で,温度とpHに対する許容範囲が定義されています.
- 提案された名称:サーモプラズマ・アシドフィラ.
結論:
- テルモプラズマ・アシドフィラは,細胞壁がはっきりと欠けているユニークなエクステロフィルを表しています.
- 生物の特徴により,ミコプラズマ系統に属している,またはそれと関連している.
- この発見は,ミコプラズマの発生に関する理解された環境範囲を広げています.
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