まとめ
海の海藻は,特定の細胞認識システムを使用して,自己と非自己を区別します. これは,刺す構造に電気的活動を誘発し,外国人の攻撃につながります.
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 海 (Anthopleura elegantissima) はクローンコロニーで生活しています.
- 彼らは,自分のクローンのメンバーを識別するための非常に特殊な細胞認識システムを所有しています.
- 同種の個体であっても,非同種の個体は攻撃されます.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋アネモンの自己/非自己認識の基礎となる細胞および生理学的メカニズムを調査する.
- 攻撃的反応に関連する電気的活動を特徴づけるために.
主な方法:
- 海藻間の相互作用の観察.
- シンゲニクおよびアロゲニク個体との接触時にアクロハギの電気活動の記録.
- 刺す細胞 (ネマトシスト) の排出の分析.
主要な成果:
- 異なった (異質) 組織との接触は,アクロハギウム内の新しい局所的な電気活動を誘発する.
- この電気的活動は通常,ネマトシストの放電に先行する.
- シンジェニック組織や無生命体と接触する際の電気活動は観察されなかった.
- 電気的活動は,異質な表面マーカーの認識の結果であるようです.
結論:
- 海のアネモンは,電気信号を含む洗練された認識システムを示しています.
- この電気的活動は,非自己の個人に対する攻撃的反応の重要な構成要素です.
- この発見は,免疫認識システムの進化に光を当てている.
関連する概念動画
Synaptic Signaling
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Action Potentials
Overview
Resting Membrane Potential
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Overview of Cell Signaling
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...


