ヤギのガンマ-,ベータC-,ベータA-グロービン遺伝子の構造と進化:発達的に調節される3つの遺伝子は,挿入された要素を含んでいる
Cell
|December 1, 1981
まとめ
ヤギのグロービン遺伝子配列解析は,胎児,成人前,成人形態の間の高い同質性を明らかにしています. イントロンの独特の挿入は,最近の分岐とトランポゾンのような元素を示唆し,ガンマ遺伝子は胎児特異的な役割を果たしています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- グロービン遺伝子は酸素輸送に不可欠であり,発達段階に固有の発現を示す.
- グロービン遺伝子の進化を理解することは,遺伝的調節と種種化に関する洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- ヤギの胎児 (ガンマ),成人前 (ベータC),成人 (ベータA) グロービン遺伝子の完全なヌクレオチド配列を決定する.
- これらのヤギのグロービン遺伝子の間の進化的関係と構造的な違いを分析する.
主な方法:
- ヤギのガンマ,ベータC,ベータAグロービン遺伝子の完全なヌクレオチド配列解析.
- ヤギのグロビンシドオゲン (psi beta X,psi beta Z) による比較シーケンス分析.
主要な成果:
- ヤギの胎児,未成年,成人のグロービンの遺伝子は,コーディング領域とノンコーディング領域で高いホモロジー (~90%) を示しています.
- 主要な違いは,ガマ (247 bp),ベータA (318 bp),ベータC (252 bp挿入,60 bp削除) の大きなイントロンの挿入による.
- ヤギのガンマ遺伝子は,ヒトの胎児グロービン遺伝子とは異なり,胎児期に特異的に機能します.
結論:
- 最近,ヤギのガンマ,ベータA,ベータCグロービンの遺伝子が分岐した.
- 遺伝子の複製イベントは,祖先の擬似遺伝子-機能性遺伝子ペアを含む,おそらく形成されたpsiベータX-ベータCとpsiベータZ-ベータA.
- イントロニック挿入はトランポゾンのような特徴を示し,ヤギのゲノムに広く分布しています.
関連する概念動画
Transgenic Organisms
Overview
Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
General Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...


